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Documenting the Therapeutic Potential of Encapsulated Cardamom Essential Oil

Thesis Info

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Author

Abdullah

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/7942/1/Abdullah%20PhD%20FT%20%282006-ag-1764%29.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725924475

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Proposed study was an effort to investigate the antimicrobial and nutraceutical worth of black and green cardamom extracts. For the purpose, cardamom powders were analyzed followed by the supercritical fluid extraction, GC-MS quantification, estimation of antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of the extracts. Afterwards, encapsulation of cardamom essential oils in guar gum and whey protein isolates blends and finally bio-evaluation trial was carried out for the management of hypercholesterolemia, liver and renal malfunctioning. In present study, supercritical fluid extraction technique was used to obtain high extraction efficiency. In terms of antioxidant potential, black cardamom showed higher amount of polyphenols than green cardamom as 1325.03±7.69 and 934.72±6.94 mg GAE/100g for TPC, 208.63±10.36 and 192.45±9.62 μmol Fe2+/g for FRAP, 172.58±6.14 and 143.96±7.38 μM Trolox/g for ABTS, 63.57±3.48 and 56.81±2.01 % for DPPH assays. However, total flavonoids contents were present in greater amount in green cardamom compared to black cardamom investigated as 215.74±6.32 and 168.25±5.26 mg CE/g. GC-MS quantification indicated that 1,8-cineole (44.24% and 28.71%) and α-terpinyl acetate (12.25% and 38.4%) were the principle components in black and green cardamom essential oils which were responsible for pungency and pleasant aroma, respectively. Moreover, antimicrobial evaluation revealed that green cardamom extract exhibited more inhibitory effects than black cardamom extract on the growth of microorganisms, quorum sensing inhibition of C. violaceum and biofilm formation inhibition of S. typhimurium and E. coli. The results related to encapsulation of black and green cardamom supercritical fluid extracts showed that encapsulation efficiency, entrapment capacity and moisture content ranged between 63.54% to 84.72%, 5.77% to 7.08% and 5.81% to 6.33% in freeze dried capsules. On the basis of encapsulation efficiency, one from black and one from green cardamom encapsulates were used for cupcakes development and in the preparation of nurtaceutical diets. Cupcakes containing green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) extract produced good aroma while taste was good with the cupcakes prepared from black cardamom (Amomum subulatum) extract. The diets contained green cardamom (D1) and black cardamom (D2) encapsulated essential oils were prepared alongside control (Do) for comparison purpose. Bio-evaluation study conducted on male Sprague Dawley rats, accordingly two different studies were designed on the basis of diets i.e. study I (rats fed on normal diet) and study II (rats were given high cholesterol diet). The body weights of experimental rats were significantly effected with diets in both studies. Black cardamom encapsulated extract (D2) instigated highest reduction in weight gain during the study period. Likewise, D2 imparted maximum decrease in total cholesterol levels in study I and II, by 4.42% and 12.53% whereas LDL by 6.75% and 14.08% respectively. However, levels of HDL and triglycerides were effected non-significantly by diets in study I but effects were significant in study II. Likewise, D2 instigated maximum reduction in urea and creatinine levels in study I and II i.e. 8.63% and 19.25% and 9.2% and 20.46%. Furthermore, diets resulted improved antioxidant status by increasing glutathione levels and decreasing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Amongst diets, black cardamom encapsulated extract (D2) was proved more effective for glutathione contents enhancement during the investigation in study II. The restoration/stabilization of liver function tests towards normal ranges proved the safety of resultant therapeutic diets. From the current explorations, results concluded that diets supplemented with encapsulated black and green cardamom essential oils were efficient tool to mitigate lifestyle related disorders.
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لیاقت علی خان

لیاقت علی خان
محرم کا مہینہ ہر سال مسلمانوں کے لئے پیام غم بھی لاتا ہے، اور حیات نو کی بشارت بھی، اس سال ایک نیا کوہِ الم اپنے ساتھ لایا، اور اسی مہینہ کی ۱۴؍ تاریخ کو کسی شقی نے لیاقت علی خان وزیراعظم پاکستان کی شمع حیات گل کردی ان کی شہادت تنہا پاکستان کا نہیں دنیائے اسلام کا نہایت درد انگیز سانحہ ہے۔ بدبخت قاتل نے ایک شخص کو نہیں مارا، بلکہ ملک و ملت کے ایک مضبوط ستون کو ڈھا کر اس کی پوری عمارت کو کمزور کرنے کی کوشش کی، اور ایک پوری قوم کو ماتم گسار بنادیا۔
لیاقت علی خان کی موت نے پاکستان کو ایک ایسے مدبر اور معمار قوم سے محروم کردیا، جس کا بدل بظاہر مدتوں ملنے کی امید نہیں، وہ غیر معمولی صلاحیتوں کے مالک بڑے مدبر، ہوشمند، یورپ کی سیاست اور بین الاقوامی سیاست کے ماہر اور ٹھنڈے دل و دماغ کے انسان تھے، قائداعظم کی وفات کے بعد انھوں نے جس کامیابی کے ساتھ پاکستان کو چلایا اور چند برسوں کے اندر اس نئی مملکت کو جس درجہ پر پہنچایا وہ ان کا بڑا کارنامہ اور ان کے تدبر اور ہوشمندی کا ایسا نمایاں ثبوت ہے جس کا اعتراف ساری دنیا نے کیا، اس لحاظ سے وہ معمارِ پاکستان تھے، ان کی شہادت نے ان کا درجہ اور بلند کردیا یہ سعادت عظمیٰ ہر شخص کا حصہ نہیں۔
؂ ہر مدعی کے واسطے دار و رسن کہاں
انھوں نے اندرونی طور سے پاکستان کو مضبوط و مستحکم بنایا، بیرونی دنیا سے تعلقات پیدا کرکے اس کی خوشی منوائی، دنیائے اسلام سے ٹوٹے ہوئے رشتہ کو جوڑا اور ان کو ایک سلسلہ میں منسلک کرنے کی کوشش کی ہندوستان اور پاکستان کے تعلقات میں جب کوئی نازک موڑ آیا، تو اپنے اعتدال، توازن اور سلامت...

Pengaruh Lingkungan Belajar dan Sistem Pembelajaran Daring menggunakan Google Meet terhadap Motivasi Belajar Mahasiswa Akuntansi UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau pada masa pandemi Covid 19

Pada masa pandemi Covid 19 telah banyak terjadi perubahan terkait lingkungan dan sistem pembelajaran pada mahasiswa, sehingga mempengaruhi motivasi belajar mereka. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh lingkungan belajar dan sistem pembelajaran daring menggunakan google meet terhadap motivasi belajar mahasiswa pada masa pandemi Covid 19. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey dengan menguji hipotesa dan menggunakan data kuantitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah lingkungan belajar dan sistem pembelajaran daring menggunakan google meet berpegaruh positif terhadap motivasi belajar mahasiswa. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perubahan lingkungan dan sistem pembelajaran pada masa pandemi Covid 19 membuat mahasiswa menjadi mandiri dan memiliki pemikiran yang kritis.

Mass Spectrometric Profiling and Bioevaluation of Phenolic Constituents of Coronopus Didymus

Coronopus didymus is a medicinal plant used traditionally as antipyretic, expectorant, blood purifier and for alleviating symptoms of pain, inflammations, malaria, wounds and cancer. The present study was designed with the objectives of revelation of diagnostic compounds responsible for biological activity of this plant. This work is divided into two main parts, part I includes extraction, preliminary phytochemical analysis, isolation, purification, and identification of phenolic constituents by using mass spectrometric technique. Part II comprises bioevaluation of plant for cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Total phenolic content of various solvent extracts was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Polar and non-polar constituents of C. didymus were identified by ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric (UPLC-ESI-MS) and gas-chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis (GC-MS), respectively. Major constituents of C. didymus were isolated by using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and preparative mass directed HPLC method. The phenolic content was found to be the highest in the ethanolic extract (CDA Et, 47.8 mM GAE). Eighteen phytochemicals were tentatively identified from ethanolic extract by UPLC-ESI-MS analysis. The predominant compounds of aerial parts were flavonoids while roots contained glucosinolate as the major component. Sixty-three volatile phytochemicals were identified from aerial parts and roots of C. didymus by GC-MS analyses. Mass spectrometric profiling of the C. didymus extracts, confirmed that this plant contained a plenty of compounds. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by UV-Vis. spectroscopy (with shift reagents), LC-ESI-MS and NMR spectral data as 5,7,4''trihydroxy-3''-methoxyflavone-4''-O-β-D-glucoside (1''), 5,7,4''-trihydroxy-3''methoxyflavone-4''-O-(6''''-acetyl)b -D-glucoside (2'') and 5,7,4''-trihydroxy-3''-methoxy flavone (3''). Compound 1'' was identified for the first time from the genus Coronopus. Extracts, fractions and isolated compounds were subjected to various bioassays in a dose dependent manner to understand their anticancer, antioxidant, antifungal and antibacterial susceptibility. Isolated compounds 1''-3'' showed promising activity against HeLa cells with IC50 values of 43.50, 0.63 and 3.67 µM, respectively. Significant result was also obtained with compound 3'' against LN18 cells with IC50 value of 46.63 µM. In antioxidant activity, compound 3'' was far more effective in scavenging free radicals in the DPPH and ABTS assays with IC50 of 43.8 and 0.08 µg/mL, than the standard trolox, with IC50 values of 97.5 and 21.1 µg/mL, respectively. Compound 3'' depicted largest zone of inhibition (15 mm) against X. campestris, which was even higher than the chemical bactericides viz., bismerthiazole and kasugamycin, with inhibition zone of 11 mm and 14 mm, respectively. Mass spectrometric profiling and the cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the phenolic constituents 1''-3'' provide a scientific basis for the ethnopharmacological use of C. didymus for various applications.