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Downstream Approaches for Pure Biofine Chemicals and Aroma Substances from Cannabis Sativa Essential Oil

Thesis Info

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Author

Naz, Saima

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9725/1/Saima_Naz_Chemistry_UAF_2016.docx

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725925573

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Essential oils are complex mixtures of biologically active substances used since along time as flavoring agents and constituents of number of commercial products. Currently, their importance is more highlighted due to their increasing demand for food,cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Recent scientific literature revealed theantimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant and pharmacological potential of essential oils. In view of themultiple applications of essential oils, their characterization based on their chemicalprofiles, is of great importance.In the present study, indigenous specie of Cannabaceae family “Cannabis sativa” was screenedfor the isolation of essential oils. Essential oil components were fractioned, separated and isolated. The variations in the yield, chemical composition and biological activities of theessential oils and fractions were investigated in the present study with respect to temperature and technique of extraction.The hydro-distilled, steam distilled and supercritical fluid extracted essential oils were characterized fortheir physico-chemical and biological activities. It was tried to purify and separate the major constituents of Cannabis sativa essential oil by vacuum fractionation. GC-MS analysis of thechemical constituents of the isolated oils and fractions mainly revealed the presence of monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The investigated essential oils and fractions exhibited good antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, gastroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective activities as measured by different in- vivo and in-vitro assays and experimental models.
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فصل پنجم: آیاتِ استفہام میں فہمِ آخرت

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اللہ تبارک وتعالیٰ قرآن مجید میں ارشاد فرماتے ہیں:

" اِنَّ اِلٰهَكُم لَوَاحِدٌ "۔[[1]]

"بیشک الہ تم سب کا ایک ہے"۔

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 ارکان"رکن" کی جمع ہے اور رکن کسی بھی چیز کا اہم جز ہوتا ہے جس کے بغیر وہ مکمل نہیں ہوسکتی ایمان کے چھ ارکان ہیں لہذا اگر ایمان کا ایک رکن بھی ساقط ہو جائے تو انسان مومن نہیں رہتا خواہ وہ لاکھ ایمان کے دعوے کرتا رہے جیسے...

Impact of Traditional Values on the Equality of Females Living in Balochistan, Pakistan

Societies follow a traditional value. Traditions evolve and are adapted according to the wish of majority of the people. Cultures mostly are under the disposition of the patriarchal system, a system dominated by men, where women are discriminated and subjugated because they hold a vulnerable position in the society. The present study focuses on equality of women present in Quetta Balochistan, effected by the cultural values present. Data was selected from seven Government Girls degree Colleges of Quetta based on random sampling method. The researcher used SSPS tool to evaluate the data. Results highlighted that cultural values are affecting the females here in Quetta and they are not treated as equals to their male counterparts.

Enhancing Drought Tolerance in Rice Through Activation of Self-Defense Genes by Eco-Contributors

In present climate scenario, water shortage is extensively damaging the grain harvest from rice fields. Paddy has semiaquatic ancestors, so it is sensitive to agricultural drought. Aridity targets the morphological, biochemical, physiological and molecular features of it. An integrated strategy is required to save rice cultivation under frequent drought stress. In the following study, four interlinked approaches have been practiced to secure rice cultivation in a dry environment. In the first experiment, diversified rice germplasm was screened at seedling stage to select 20 drought responsive genotypes including 10 drought tolerant, five moderately drought tolerant and five drought susceptible. These genotypes were selected on the basis of gain in root length, shoot length, fresh root weight, fresh shoot weight, dry root weight and dry shoot weight. Selected genotypes were further tested at germination, seedling and maturity stages to trace a marker-trait that could rapidly label drought responsive genotypes and to check the efficiency of the first experiment of germplasm screening. At germination stage, imbibition rate, the speed of germination, radical and plumule length, radical and plumule weight, proline contents, total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde concentration were determined from germination seeds. At seedling stage root length, shoot length, fresh root weight, fresh shoot weight, dry root weight, dry shoot weight, proline contents, total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde concentration were determined from the leaves. At maturity stage, the number of tillers, plant total biomass, fertile florets, 100-grain weight, proline contents, total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde concentration were determined from the leaves. 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Plants were evaluated on the basis of root length, shoot length, fresh root weight, fresh shoot weight, dry root weight, dry shoot weight, the concentration of phosphorus, calcium and zinc, proline contents, total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde concentration. Significant improvement was recorded when plants were inoculated with P. indica and maximum damage was recorded when plants were in Zn deficient environment. So, P. indica and Zn were selected as efficient eco-contributors. An experiment for the detailed study of the selected eco-contributor was performed. Three drought-responsive genotypes were used (WC-297 drought tolerant, Caawa moderately drought tolerant and IR-64 drought susceptible) experimentation has proved that both of these selected eco-contributors have strengthened rice plant and stabilized its biomass, antioxidants as well as osmolite profile, mineral uptake, expression of important drought-responsive genes, chlorophyll contents, chloroplast integrity and the activity of antenna complex of the photosystem II. In the third experiment, hybridization of drought responsive genotypes with each other and with the modern cultivars was performed by following 6 x 6 diallel scheme. The F1 plants were accessed for the change in root length, shoot length, fresh root weight, fresh shoot weight, dry root weight, dry shoot weight, proline contents, total antioxidant activity and the concentration of phosphorus, calcium and zinc in leaves. 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