The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles using Berberry (Berberis lycium Royle) on growth and yield attributes of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Moreover, Taxonomy and distribution of genus Berberis from Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Pakistan were also recorded. A total of 9 species of Berberis such as B. brandisiana, B. chitria, B. glaucocarpa, B. kashmirana, B. lycium, B. parkeriana, B. royleana, B. sterwartiana and B. ulicina were identified. These species were distributed from sub-tropical to sub-alpine zones of the state of AJK, Pakistan. It was found that B. lycium distributed in maximum studied sites and further selected for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Confirmation of silver nanoparticles synthesis was made on colour change when aqueous bark extract treated with AgNO3 which was further established with uv-visible spectroscopy. Structural and morphological characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was made with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray and x-ray diffraction analysis. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used to determine the rate at which silver ions reduced to AgNPs. It was found that biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were pre dominantly spherical, nano in size and crystalline in nature. The morphology of silver nanoparticles was affected by extract and AgNO3 concentrations, temperature and pH. Fourier transform infrared and quantitative screening of bio-molecules confirmed the involvement of alkaloids, flavonoids and reducing sugars as reducing and capping agents of silver nanoparticles. Then these biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were applied on P. sativum to find out their effect on growth and yield of pea. For this, a field experiment was conducted in split-split plot xvi fashion following RCBD. Three varieties of pea (Climax, PF-400 and Meteor) were treated with four concentrations of silver nanoparticles (0, 30, 60 and 90 ppm) by means of three modes of application (Seed treatment, foliar spray, seed treatment plus foliar spray). The results were found to be significant with respect to root length, shoot length, chlorophyll contents, seeds pod-1, pods plant-1, 100 seeds weight, biological yield, green pod yield, seed protein and carbohydrate contents. Among the concentrations of silver nanoparticles, 60 ppm produced maximum results applied via seed treatment plus foliar spray. Present findings suggest that silver nanoparticles enhanced the growth and yield of pea at a concentration of 60 ppm.
وہ بذات خود کیونکہ شاعر بھی ہیں اس لیے انہوں نے اپنے ناول میں نثر کے ساتھ ساتھ اپنی شاعرانہ طبیعت کو بھی زندہ رکھا ہے۔ نثر میں ان کا اندازبہت سادہ اور صاف ہے۔ نفیس طریقے سے لکھے گئے جملے سیدھے دل میں اترتے ہوئے محسوس ہوتے ہیں۔ بالکل ویسے ہی جیسے ان کے دل و دماغ سے نکلے ہوئے ہوں۔
اپنی شاعرانہ طبیعت کے پیش نظر انہوں نے اپنی تخلیقی قوتوں سے ناول میں اپنی شاعری کے جوہر دکھائے ہیں اور ناول کے حسن کو چار چاند لگا دیئے ہیں اور ناول میں جہاں جزئیات نگاری سے کام لیا گیا ہے۔ طوالت کو مد نظر رکھا گیا ہے وہاں شاعری سے ٹھندی ہوا جیسی طراوت محسوس ہوتی ہے۔ نو لکھی کوٹھی میں شامل ایک نظم، جس نے سارا ماحول بدل کر رکھ دیا، اس کا کچھ حصہ ملاحظہ ہو:
Uses of tetra pack juices enhances the risk of diabetes and obesity. People were unaware of impact of fresh fruit juices on health. Objective: To compare the effect of tetra pack juices and fresh fruit juices on blood glucoselevels among healthy individuals Methods: 10 participants were selected using an internationalstandard Glycemic Index (GI) test protocol. After getting their fasting blood sample theywereinstructed to consume all the juice served in a period of 5 min. Further blood samples were takenat different intervals of time that is 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes after consumption. Participants wereremained sedentaryduring each session. Blood was obtained by finger-prick and tested by the glucometer. Results: The glycemic index of Apple juice Nestle has the glycemic index of 95.87, Orangejuice Nestle has the GI value 93.78, Apple juice fresh has the GI value of 92.17 and Orangejuice fresh has the glycemic index value of 99.07, respectively Conclusions: Detailed study of glycemic index of tetrapack juices (Nestle Apple and Orangejuice) and fresh fruit juices (Apple and Orange juice) showed similar impact on the blood glucose level of healthy individual. In the study, both types of juices were found to be equally hyperglycemic (GI 70+) causing a fast rise in blood-sugarlevels, hence should not be given to diabetic patients
Pheasant Tailed Jacana, Hydrophasianus chirurgus is only beautiful bird maintain its presence in abandoned wetlands of Punjab during summer season. This study was designed to study the population status and its future potentials to estimate the threats and to propose the measures for its conservation if required. Literature suggested sites were selected and schedule of visits month and year wise was developed and sites were visited accordingly, data gathered was analyzed statistically. The population distribution appears, between 298 and 347 highest (83-96) at Marala and lowest (21-57) at Balloki, while density found highest (3/km2) and lowest (0.3/ km2), being the migratory bird March was observed as start of arrival and October was observed as completion of departure from the study areas. Female to male ratio appears 1:0.75 while juvenile to adult ratio observed 1:0.35 are sign of population stability. Physical factors of the habitat such as temperature, pH and phytosociological studies of the habitat distribution and frequency of rooted vegetation species were recorded to understand their association with the species. This shows 32 species distributed in 4 vegetation types within the habitats lies in study areas. The studies on biology of this bird were focused on food and feeding, food consumption which revealed that 56.3% of its food is consists of plant matter and 27.3% on animal matter. Breeding biology studies suggests the clutch size remains between 1-4 eggs, and most of the fertile females laid 2 consecutive clutches to hand over two different males for hatching and chick rearing, incubation calculated of 25-29 days hatchability found around 80%. Defensive responses, egg laying and chick care were observed to understand general behavior of the species. The results of this study suggested that major threats to Pheasant Tailed Jacana are the commercial activities within its habitat and immediate adjacent to them, which could be regulated for its sustainability.