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Home > Effect of Chemically Treated Wood Coal on the Physiochemical Properties of Tomato Riogrande

Effect of Chemically Treated Wood Coal on the Physiochemical Properties of Tomato Riogrande

Thesis Info

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Author

Khan, Habib Ullah

Program

PhD

Institute

The University of Agriculture

City

Peshawar

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Agricultural Technology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10744/1/Habib%20final%20complete%20thesis%20file%20%20usb%20%281%29%20%282%29.docx

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725955959

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In a pot experiment, wood coal was applied to tomato plants of Rio Grande cultivar in the form of 32 different treatments, which were made by treating the same number of powdered wood coal portions (250g each ) with one liter each of 32 different acid base solutions i.e. 4% HCl, 4% H2SO4, 15% HNO3, 5% NaOH, 5% KOH abbreviated as ''C'', ''F'',''N'', ''S'', ''P'' and their combinations CF, CN, CS, CP, FN, FS, FP, NS, NP, SP, CFN, CFS, CFP, FNS, FNP, FSP, CNS, CNP, CSP, FSP, NSP, CFNS, CFNP, CFSP, CNSP, FNSP, CFNSP in one ratio one respectively. Quality of the treated wood coal and its role as fertilizer was studied in term of physicochemical parameters of pots soil and tomato plants in comparison to controls i.e. NPK, humic acid, F.Y.M, wood coal and untreated soil. pH and EC of the treated wood coal showed significant difference (P<0.05) with ranges of 1.48 to 11.9 and 3.45 to 28.4µs/dl respectively, where most of pH values were in acidic region, except S, P, CS, FP, SP, CSP and FSP treatments while EC was highest in acidic or acid containing treatments. Soil parameters showed significant variation (P<0.05) where the least EC 96.60 µS/dl was found in untreated soil while highest 190.10 µS/dl in NSP treated soil.Acidity of soil ranged from 0.97x10-2g/100mL in S to 1.41x10-2g/100mL in FP treated soils. The highest value 6.58x10-3% of inorganic nitrogen was observed in CFNSP treated soil. An increase in soil pH from 7.85 to 8.61 was observed after treatments where treatment wise comparison showed a range from 8.10 to 8.32 in CFP and CNS respectively. The effect of treatments on soil minerals in mg/kg indicated greatest variation in Fe from 2.759 to 5.358, Mn from 0.324 to 0.73, Na from 3.9 to 11.9 and K from 8.60 to 15.30 while other minerals like Cu, Zn, P, Pb and Ni showed moderate variability. Higher trend of soil minerals were found in sulfuric or nitric acids containing treatments. Data of tomato plants physical parameters,taken in intervals each of 15 days, varied significantly (P<0.05) where higher values of plant height 51.53cm was found in CN, leaf area 26.77 cm2 in FSP, No. of leaves plant-113.13 in CFN, No. of leaflets plant-1 53.93 in NP and No. of flower plant-1week-1 13.80 in SP treated plants with lower values of these parameters25.20 cm, 15.94cm2, 8.07, 33.87 and 1.42 in untreated soil respectively, while No. of branches 4.56 of CNP were higher than humic acid 1.56 and No. of fruits plant-1week-1 4.75 of FNS than 1.00 of CSP. Proximate composition of plant parts taken in percent showed the higher values of moisture 96.28, crude protein 1.30 and NFE 88.36 in roots, ash 4.75 and crude fiber 7.32 in stem and crude fat 2.64 in young leaves. Percent proximate composition of treated plants varied from 0.5 to 3, where maximum values ofmoisture 95.67, ash 4.03, crude fat 2.05, crude protein 1.21, crude fiber 6.05 and NFE 87.94 were detected in C, CFP CNS, CNSP, CFNP and FN treated plants respectively. Except Na and K with highest values of 16.10 and 37.63, other minerals of plant parts, like Fe, Zn, Mn, P etc., varied from 0.01 to 3.00mgKg-1 where most of them were higher in roots and leaves of tomato. Treatment variation of these mineral were also significant at P=0.05 where highest values of Fe was found in CNSP, Zn, Cu and in C, Mn in FNSP, Na and P in NSP, K in N and Ni was highest in FSP treated plants. Most of the fruits proximate parameters except moisture 94.82% and NFE 96.88% ranged from 0.02 to 3% with higher values in KOH containing treatments. The lowest values of these minerals were present in untreated soils. Among the mineral content of fruits Fe content of FNSP, Zn of CFSP, Cu and Na of CFNS, Mn and P of CS, Pb of CNP, Ni of SP were highest compared to other treatments. Highest values of Carbon 84.16% and lycophene 4.50mgKg-1 were found in CFP and FSP treatments, while chlorophyll was high at day 45of transplantation and in CFNSP treated plant. From the results it was conjectured that treated wood coal may be developed as fertilizer for tomato and other crops where further research particularly under field condition are needed.
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تبصرے

کتاب "شاعری کے خطرات: عراق میں ثقافت، سیاست اور انقلاب"

احمد سہیل

( The Dangers of Poetry: Culture, Politics and Revolution in Iraq)

مصنف: کیون ایم جونز( Kevin M. Jone)

ناشر:اسٹینفورڈ یونیورسٹی پریس، کیلی فورنیا، امریکہ۔

سال اشاعت  : ستمبر 2020

عراق کی کلاسیکی شاعری سے لے کر جدید شاعری تک  ایک طویل  ایک توانا تاریخ  موجود ہے۔ خاص کر  عراق کی انقلابی اور مزاحمتی شاعری کا مطالعہ کرکے  ایک مخصوص انقلابی جمالیات اور جدلیات کی  شعری حسیّت  دریافت ہوتی ہے۔ زیر نظر کتاب میں عراق کی  شاعری کء  انقالبی رجحان کے تحت کی جانے والی شاعری کت سیاسی اور ثقافی خطرات کا  بڑا  عقلی اور تاریخی سیاق میں بہترین تنقیدی جائیزہ لیا گیا۔

یاد رہے پہلی جنگ عظیم کے بعد عراق میں، برطانیہ قابض طاقت تھا۔ بغداد کی حیدر خانہ مسجد میں 1920 میں پیغمبر اسلام (صلی اللہ علیہ وآلہ وسلم) کے یوم ولادت کی ایک تقریب میں نابینا شاعر محمد مہدی البصیر نے منبر سے اپنا شعر سنایا: "وہ آپ کے سامنے اپنی گردنیں جھکا لیں… جب تک وہ تسلیم نہ کریں۔ انہوں نے جو بدعنوانی بوئی ہے / اپنے گناہوں کو چھوڑ دیں اور آپ کی رہنمائی کے لئے سر تسلیم خم کریں۔" البصیر کی کارکردگی نے انگریزوں کو بے چین کر دیا۔ انہیں خدشہ تھا کہ 'اشتعال انگیز' نظمیں سنی-شیعہ تعاون کو آسان بنا سکتی ہیں۔ ان کے خوف میں مزید اضافہ ہوا جب ایک مقامی مخبر نے انہیں بتایا، "میں نے خود بھی وطن کے لیے کچھ کرنے کے لیے ہلچل محسوس کی۔"

البصیر عراقی شاعروں کی ایک لہر کا حصہ تھے جن کی زندگی اور کام کیون جونز کی کتاب The...

MEASURE THE LEVEL OF SENSORY PROCESSING PROBLEM IN CHILDREN WITH AND WITH OUT AUTISM IN CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT

Background of the Study: Sensory processing is the process in which all sensory stimuli integrate and enable person to respond according to the situation. There are number of sensory issues that either parents or teacher do not identify on early stages and various times it also cause behavioral issues or academic issues with in typical children too. The study aims to assess the sensory vulnerability of children with and without autism in the school environment and to identify the sensory issues. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Karachi, Pakistan. Total 86 children recruited and divided into two groups included typical and atypical children. Using a standardized questionnaire-SPM (sensory processing measure) distributed in schools and completed by teachers. Result: Autism affects both mainstream children and children with autism, with sensory process subscales showing significant differences p value (< .005) for t- test.  Autism children have higher sensory process vulnerability, particularly in social participation and praxis variables, compared to mainstream children’s. Conclusion: The study reveals that school initiates sensory stimuli, affecting children's vulnerability, even in special schools, despite providing structured environments for atypical children.

Seasonal Variation in Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Components of Native Shrubs and Trees Grown in Hazargangi Chiltan National Park, Karkhasa and Zarghoon

Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan and covers about 44% of the total country. Majority of people rely on live stock for their living. Since the natural resources are less, insufficient and of low quality, to meet the nutritional requirements of livestock population. Therefore, this study was conducted to find out the best source of fodder among the native, dominant trees and shrubs of Quetta. Two trees Fraxinus xanthoxyloides and Pistacia khinjuk and six shrubs Amylgdalus brahuica, Prunus eburnea, Caragana ambigua, Sophara mollis, Perovskia abrotanoides and Berberis baluchistanica were analyzed for their nutritional and antinutritional value seasonally from 3 habitats of Quetta district for 2 years. Plant foliage samples were evaluated for their ash, carbohydrate, crude protein, crude fiber and energy levels. Macro and micro elemental composition N, P, Ca, K, Na, Fe, Al and Mn of foliage were also determined by atomic absorption, flame photometer and X-rayflorescence spectrophotometer. Soil samples of 3 habitats were also analyzed for their chemical and physical properties. These were positively correlated with foliage samples. Feeding trials were carried out by feeding the foliage to sheep, also their initial and final body weights were monitored, fecal and urine sample were analyzed for carbohydrate, crude protein, crude fiber and total nitrogen. F. xanthoxyloides was found to be the best among two trees evaluated as it has significantly high carbohydrates, crude protein, and mineral content while comparatively less crude fiber and phenolics as compare to P. khinjuk were recorded. The elemental concentrations were high during summer season. Mineral concentration gradually increased from spring to autumn season and showed decrease in winter’s season. Phosphorus and calcium concentration were higher than the recommended amount for small ruminants. These concentrations were positively correlated with soils physical and chemical characters. Significant increase (P > 0.05) in body weight of sheep was observed when fed with F. xanthoxyloides. The trees found at Zarghoon had high nutritional values than the other two sites. Among six shrubs checked P. eburnea had significantly high nutritional value. The weight of the animals fed with these two species was also significantly increased. Therefore these two species may be considered as an excellent source of fodder and are recommended for animal grazing. Among the other five shrubs the following three species C. ambigua, A. brahuica and B. baluchistanica were found to have medium nutritional and mineral contents and provide an important part of diet but must be supplemented with some other complete diet. P. abrotanoides has an bad odor with high phenolics which eventually repels the ruminants and thus not generally preferred for grazing. S. mollis has cutinized leaves which become the sole reason for not being grazed even though it has better nutritional value. However no significant differences of energy level were observed between trees and shrubs.