Home > Effect of Diafenthiuron Exposure on the Histology of Selected Vital Organs, Hematology and Serum Biochemical Profile of a Non Target Organism, Labeo Rohita
Effect of Diafenthiuron Exposure on the Histology of Selected Vital Organs, Hematology and Serum Biochemical Profile of a Non Target Organism, Labeo Rohita
Diafenthiuron is a thiourea derivative pesticide that is commonly used against sucking pests in Pakistan. Present work was designed to report the toxic effect of diafenthiuron on non-target organism, Labeo rohita behavior, growth, hematology, serum biochemical profile, elemental composition in fish muscles and histology of vital organs. Juvenile freshwater Cyprinid fish Rahu (Labeo rohita) of both sexes (body length 12.5-25.5cm and body weight 27.7 to 163.63g) were purchased (N=500) from Faheem Fish Form Multan. Fish were acclimatized to controlled lab conditions. Fish were exposed to 0.0038, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mg L-1 of Diafenthiuron for 96 hours. A pesticide untreated control group was maintained in parallel. Fish mortality was observed after 24h, 48h, 72h and 96 h and 96h Diafenthiuron LC50 value for Labeo rohita was found to be 0.272 mgL-1. Experimental series include short and long term phases. During short term experiments, Labeo rohita were exposed to sublethal concentration of 0.0075 mgL-1 of Diafenthiuron for 2, 4 and 8 days respectively while in long term experiments, fish were exposed to same dose for 16, 32 and 64 days. In parallel control group was maintained for each experimental treatment. The Diafenthiuron treated fish showed avoidence response as it displayed abrupt and sluggish swimming movements with heavy mucous secretion and fish body colour changed to light brown. The pesticide exposed fish had significantly higher white blood cell, lymphocyte and red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, red blood cells distribution width, while platelets count, plateletcrit and platelet distribution were significantly decreased than control group. Similarly, concentration of total serum proteins, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglyceride concentrations and asparate aminotransferase were disturbed in different diafenthiuron exposed treatments than their control groups. Analysis of elemental concentration data from fish muscle showed that there were significant variations in calcium, potassium and cadmium concentration when compared between diafenthiuron treated and untreated groups. Wrinkling of cell membrane of hepatocytes, diffused hepatocytes necrosis, dislocation of nucleus, pycnosis of hepatic nuclei and dilation of blood sinusoid were observed in liver of fish exposed to Diafenthiuron. These results are in agreement with our results from complete blood count and serum biochemical analysis that had indicated an infectious state in fish with disturbed metabolism. In Diafenthiuron treated Labeo rohita, a number of vacuolation and swellings in some renal tubular cells, shrinking of glomerulus were observed. The renal tubules exhibited shrunken lumen and vacuolated cytoplasm, pyknosis of nucleus, necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells occurred, infiltration of leucocyte spread throughout and condensation of epithelial cells of tubules, karyorrhexsis and karyolysis indicated pesticide induced stress affecting the kidney histology severely. In conclusion, we have observed that sublethal dose (0.0075 mgL-1) of Diafenthiuron significantly affected the behavior, blood chemistry, histology of vital organs; elemental concentration in muscles of Labeo rohita than control groups indicating that Diafenthiuron has potential to adversely affect the physiology of non target organism, Labeo rohita. Therefore, we recommend strict measures to be taken at the government and public levels to prevent the entry of pesticides into water bodies to keep our food chains and food webs intact for sustaining life on the earth.
آہ! مولانا قاری محمد طیب شیخ الحدیث حضرت مولانا محمد ذکریاؒ کی وفات کا غم ابھی فراموش نہ ہوا تھا کہ ایک اور آفتاب علم و ہدایت غروب ہوگیا، یعنی مولانا قاری محمد طیب مہتمم دارالعلوم دیوبند نے ۱۷؍ جولائی ۱۹۸۳ء کو اس جہانِ فانی کو الوداع کہا، اِنا ﷲ واِنا الیہِ راجعُون۔ وہ ممتاز عالم دین تھے، ان کی شہرت سے یہ برصغیر ہی نہیں، پوری اسلامی دنیا گونج رہی تھی، ان کی وفات سے ہماری ملی، دینی ، علمی اور تعلیمی عمارت کا بہت بڑا ستون گر گیا، اور جماعت دیوبند کی ایک قدیم اور اہم یادگار مٹ گئی، وہ اس قافلہ کے آخری مسافر تھے جس آغاز خاندان ولی اللّٰہی سے ہوکر حضرت حاجی امداد اﷲ مہاجر مکی کے خلفاء اور دارالعلوم دیوبند کے اکابر تک پہنچا تھا، افسوس اب علم و عرفان کی وہ شمع گل ہوگئی جس سے دارالعلوم نصف صدی سے جگمگا رہا تھا، والبقاء ﷲ وحدہ۔ وہ دارالعلوم کے بانی مولانا محمد قاسم نانوتویؒ کے پوتے اور مولانا حافظ محمد احمدؒ کے صاحبزادے تھے، جو دارالعلوم دیوبند کے پانچویں مہتمم اور چار برس تک ریاست حیدرآباد دکن کی عدالت عالیہ کے مفتی تھے، قاری صاحب کی پرورش وپرداخت اسی مقدس خانوادہ اور دارالعلوم کے اس عہدِ زریں میں ہوئی، جو علمی، تعلیمی، دینی اور روحانی حیثیت سے بے مثال تھا، اور جب اس کا آسمانِ علم و کمال متعدد مہروماہ سے جلوہ فگن تھا، ان کی ولادت ۱۳۱۵ھ؍ ۱۸۹۷ء میں ہوئی، تاریخی نام مظفر الدین تھا، سات برس کی عمر میں دارالعلوم میں داخل کئے گئے، شیخ الہند مولانا محمود حسنـؒ اور دوسرے نامور فضلاء کی موجودگی میں مکتب نشینی اور بسم اﷲ کی تقریب عمل میں آئی، دو ہی برس میں قرآن مجید تجوید و قرات کے ساتھ حفظ کرلیا، پانچ برس درجہ فارسی میں رہے، اس کے بعد...
This study worked on studying the language in modern Jordanian poetry, through application to the poetry of the Jordanian poet Ibrahim Al-Ajlouni through his poetic works, subjected to intertextuality in both its religious and literary parts, as well as addressing repetition in its three types, the sentence, the word, and the letter, then the study ended with the conclusion, which included the most important results that the study reached It has through studying the language of the poet.
The correlation of biological activities of compounds with their redox properties is the subject of extensive investigations of bioelectrochemists. Schiff bases, quinones and naphthalenes contain electroactive moieties and their broad range biological activities are closely related with the ability of these compounds to donate and/or accept electrons. We synthesized Schiff bases 1-((4-bromophenylimino) methyl) naphthalen- 2-ol (BPIMN) and 1-((2,4-dimethylphenylimino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol (HL) and used HL as a ligand for the preparation of its metallic complexes. All the synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, FTIR, TGA and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Structures of Schiff bases were also characterized by X-ray analysis and the experimental findings were supported by quantum mechanical calculations. The results of BPIMN were compared with a structurally related Schiff base, 1-((4- chlorophenylimino) methyl) naphthalen-2-ol (CPIMN). The photometric and electrochemical fate of all these Schiff bases were investigated in a wide pH range and the obtained results helped in proposing the redox mechanistic pathways. The synthesized compounds were subjected to numerous biological applications and the results revealed that Schiff base HL and its metal complexes other than oxovanadium complex remarkably decrease the blood glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels. The metal complexes were found to exhibit significant inhibition against alkaline phosphatase enzyme as compared to Schiff bases. The zinc complex was found as the most potent inhibitor of bacteria/fungi while the vanadyl product displayed the least activity among all the metal coordinated products. Quinones, another biologically important class were also investigated due to their robust electrochemical properties and wide range of biological activities. The laxative and therapeutic activities of quinones are related to their redox characteristics. Electrochemically unexplored hydroxy substituted quinones including 4-hydroxy-5-methoxynaphthalene-1-ylacetate (HMNA), 1,4-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy- 3-(trichloromethyl)pentyl)-8-methoxyanthracene-9,10-dione 2(hydroxymethyl)anthracene-9,10-dione anthracenedione acetate (DHDN) (HACAD), (HAC), (HCAQ), 1-hydroxy- 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-dinitro 4,8-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracen-1-yl 1,4,5-trihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione (HAD) and 1,4,5- trihydroxy-2-methyl-3-(3-oxobutyl)anthracene-9,10-dione (HOAD) were selected and their redox behavior was studied in a wide pH range using modern electrochemical techniques. Kinetic parameters such as diffusion coefficient and iiiheterogeneous electron transfer rate constant and thermodynamic parameters of the electron transfer processes such as ∆G # , ∆H # and ∆S # were electrochemically evaluated. Their redox mechanisms were proposed on the basis of experimental findings supported by computational calculations. Moreover, a detailed UV–vis spectroscopy was carried out in a wide pH range for photometric characterization and acid-base dissociation constant, pK a determination. Though naphthalene by itself is toxic, however, some of its derivatives are bestowed with medicinal properties. Two biologically important naphthalene derivatives, naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (NDA) and 1,8-dimethoxynaphthalene (DMN) were characterized by electrochemical techniques and screened for their antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities. NDA was found less toxic to HeLa cells and biological antioxidant studies revealed it as a more effective antioxidant as compared to DMN and standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid. Both NDA and DMN significantly increased the cholesterol level in blood but showed varied biological activities as regards to glucose and triglyceride concentrations. The cytotoxicity results evidenced DMN to significantly inhibit the cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner. Like the biological antioxidant studies, the electrochemical results also witnessed NDA as stronger antioxidant than DMN. pH dependent oxidation of NDA revealed its antioxidant role to be exerted both by the donation of electrons and protons. Although the oxidation potential of NDA is greater than the widely used natural antioxidant, ascorbic acid, yet it is capable of donating two electrons as compared to one electron donating ability of ascorbic acid. The redox mechanistic pathways proposed in this work are expected to provide useful insights about the unexplored mechanisms by which Schiff bases, quinones and naphthalenes exert their biochemical actions.