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Home > Effect of Different Lysine Regimens on Growth, Productive and Reproductive Performance of Indigenous Aseel Varieties

Effect of Different Lysine Regimens on Growth, Productive and Reproductive Performance of Indigenous Aseel Varieties

Thesis Info

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Author

Batool, Tahira

Program

PhD

Institute

University of the Punjab

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Zoology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11211/1/Tahira%20Batool_Zoology_2018_UoPunjab_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725961320

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The indigenous Aseel possess high ultimate weight, strong physique, stamina as well as resistance against diseases and is equally adjustable in all environments. Due to the transitional changes of housing system from confined to open-sided, broilers could not accomplish well in open-sided poultry farms and about 20,000 trivial poultry farmers in the Punjab province of Pakistan could not endure their poultry businesses. Although Aseel is a slow grower with poor production, it can be used as a meat type bird and a better alternate of broiler if its growth, productive and reproductive performance is enhanced. However, little attention has been paid uptill now on this native breed of Pakistan to improve its productivity. This research was conducted to improve the overall performance of Aseel. It was hypothesized that the strategic use of lysine may improve the performance of native Aseel chicken. The objective of present research was to maximize the early growth and its subsequent effects on development, age at market, productive and reproductive performance in varieties of indigenous Aseel namely Lakha, Mianwali, Mushki and Peshawari by supplementing them with different dietary lysine regimens. For this purpose, 240 day-old Aseel chicks with 60 birds from each variety were randomly selected and secured from Avian Research and Training Centre, UVAS, Lahore. These birds were divided into 3 equal groups A, B and C and were subjected to 3 different dietary lysine regimens i.e., L1, L2 and L3 during their initial growth period. L1 lysine regimen containing 1.3 % lysine, was offered to group A from 0-6th week in 1 phase, L2 lysine regimen contained 1.4 and 1.2 % lysine and it was offered to group B in 2 phases, i.e., 1.4% from 0-3rd week and 1.2% from 4-6th week. L3 lysine regimen contained 1.5, 1.3 and 1.1% lysine, wherein, 1.5% was offered from 0-2nd week, 1.3% from 3-4th week and 1.1% lysine from 5-6th week, to group C. These birds having factorial arrangement of 3 (lysine regimens) × 4 (varieties) × 20 (replicates) with one bird in each were placed in blocks and maintained under standard conditions at Indigenous Chicken Genetic Resource Centre, UVAS, Lahore. Weekly data of growth (week 0-6), rearing (week 7-21), production and reproduction performance (week 24-43) was noted. The data after analysis of homogeneity and uniformity, were exposed to two-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) as a Randomized Complete Block Design having dietary lysine regimens, Aseel varieties (blocking agents) and interactions among them as main effects. Treatment means were compared through Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (Duncan, 1955). All the tabulated data have been mentioned as means and their standard errors and the results were considered significant at P≤0.05. The findings of this study showed significant (P≤0.05) differences among growth parameters including body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency of birds fed with L1, L2 and L3 lysine regimen, wherein, the overall growth performance was found better in Mushki variety of Aseel. The birds fed on L3 lysine regimen had significantly higher serum glucose, total protein, globulin, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides and antibody titer against Newcastle Disease Virus and Infectious Bronchitis Disease Virus, while, Lakha and Peshawari varieties presented an overall improved picture of their blood biochemical profile and immune response against NDV and IBV. Moreover, L3 lysine regimen was found to be the best for improving the slaughter and carcass characteristics including weight of head, shanks, lungs, liver, gizzard, heart, and carcass yield comprising percent weight of breast and thigh. For production performance evaluation, 96 pullets (24 from each of the four varieties) and 12 cockerels (3 from each of the four varieties) were randomly selected from existing stock and placed in three-tiered identical cage units each with a space of 1.5 square feet. Among production parameters, cumulative egg number per hen, cumulative egg mass, egg weight, Hen day production percent and Hen house production percent were significantly (P≤0.05) higher in birds reared under L3 than L2 and L1 lysine regimens. Mushki variety showed highest egg production and persistency (between 28th to 35th week) than Peshawari, Mianwali and Lakha varieties and the birds reared under L3 were found to be more economical than L2 and L1 lysine regimens. L3 lysine regimen also showed significantly (P≤0.05) increased average egg weight, length, width, surface area and egg volume. Among reproductive performance parameters, it was found that birds fed on L3 lysine regimen had higher fertility, hatchability, hatch of fertile (%), hatched chick weight (g) while decreased clear egg, dead germ and dead in shell (%). The body weights of day-old chicks i.e., first progeny of the parent flock, also revealed superiority for L3 lysine regimen where newly hatched chicks of Mianwali variety were heavier in body weight. The findings of reproductive performance also concluded that lysine supplemented as in L3 regimen was superior even in its subsequent impact. Conclusively, it is stated that indigenous Aseel varieties subjected to L3 dietary lysine regimens had better early growth, early age at market, better feed conversion ratio and improved productive as well as reproductive performance. This would ultimately help bring around the open-sided poultry farms and the poor poultry farmers back into their business with minimum inputs and high turnover resulting in the revival of rural agro-poultry activity in Pakistan.
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چودھری محمدعلی رودولوی

چودھری محمد علی رودولوی
افسوس ہے کہ پچھلے دنوں اردوزبان کی دوبڑی شخصیتیں بھی ہم سے جدا ہوگئی۔ ایک چودھری محمد علی رودولوی اور دوسرے عبدالمجید سالک۔
چودھری صاحب اردو کے نامور ادیب،پختہ قلم اورکہنہ مشق انشاء پرداز تھے۔ایک زمانہ میں ان کی تحریریں بڑی دلچسپی اورشوق سے پڑھی جاتی تھیں۔ زبان دانی کے ساتھ ان کی تحریر کاسب سے بڑاکمال یہ تھاکہ رکیک سے رکیک بات یا خیال کو اس اندازسے لکھتے تھے کہ ذوقِ سلیم کوگھناونی معلوم نہیں ہوتی تھی۔’’اتالیق بی بی‘‘، ’’کشکول‘‘،’’فقیر محمدعلی شاہ‘‘ان کی مشہور تصنیفات ہیں۔ ان کے علاوہ متعدد افسانے اوردوچارکتابیں بھی ان کی یادگار ہیں۔ طبعاً بڑے ہنسوڑ، زندہ دل اور شگفتہ انسان تھے۔تعلقہ دارہونے کی وجہ سے زندگی بڑے عیش وآرام میں گزری۔ آخر عمر میں خوف خداکاان پر بڑاغلبہ ہوگیا تھا، نماز توخیر پابندی سے پڑھنے ہی لگے تھے اورحج بھی کرآئے تھے مگر آخرت کے ڈر سے بے چین رہتے تھے۔ اگرچہ خاندانی طورپر امامیہ فرقہ سے تعلق رکھتے تھے لیکن تعصب ان میں نام کوبھی نہ تھا۔ اہل سنت والجماعت مسلمانوں کے ساتھ نمازانھی کے طریقے پر پڑھتے تھے۔ اس سلسلہ میں’’میرامذہب‘‘کے نام سے انھوں نے ایک کتاب بھی لکھی تھی۔خاتمہ بھی ایسا ہی اچھا ہوا۔۱۰/ستمبر کوبروزپنج شنبہ درودپڑھتے اوراﷲ کے نام کا وردکرتے کرتے جان جان آفریں کے سپرد کردی۔
الھم اغفرلہ وارحمہ۔
[اکتوبر۱۹۵۹ء]

 

فقه الوسطية عند الصحابة في العلاقات الإجتماعية

Moderation is the most distinguishing feature of Islām, which reigns all the matters and fields of the Muslim life. The Muslim nation is titled as the moderate one in the Qur’ān. It is therefore required that along with the Qur’ān and Sunnah, moderation should reflect through Islāmic jurisprudence, too, in the individual as well as the collective matters of Muslims. The author of this present study traces the roots of moderation in the collective matters of the first community of Muslims, i. E., the companions of the Prophet (SAW), who directly received the understanding of the Islām from the Prophet (SAW), therefore, they are the true examples to follow. The companions would consider the circumstances and situations to issue their jurisprudential verdicts. This is very much evident, especially, from the verdicts of the second caliph ‘Umar Ibn Khaṭṭāb. The companions would observe the principle of moderation to generate love and reverence for the religion Islām. If they had stuck stringently to mere rules and regulations, they would not have succeeded in the spread of Islām in the world. The author shows through their examples that how essential and significant it is to observe the principle of moderation while compiling jurisprudence and how to avoid exorbitance and stringency. To observe moderation needs a deep understanding of the true spirit of religion and great skills to practice it which the companions did have being the direct disciples of the Prophet (SAW). We need to follow their example without yielding to the whims of irreligious or secular modernity.

Immunoregulatory Effects of Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis & Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Liver Cirrhosis

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an enzyme which is involved in the degradation of L-tryptophan through kynurennine pathway. IDO induced immunosupression can be clinically beneficial for autoimmune diseases. Primary biliary cirrhosis is well defined by autoimmune lesion of intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells. There is evidence that impaired IDO level contributes to the development of autoimmunity in PBC. Our aim was to assess the expression of IDO in our cell culture model and in PBC patients. Tryptophan metabolites are available and could potentially demonstrate utility in PBC. The current study establishes, for the first time, the expression of IDO in the H69 cell line and increase rate of conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine in patients with PBC. Furthermore, clinical biopsies from PBC patients demonstrated that the expression of IDO was observed not only in cholangiocytes as described earlier but also in hepatocytes. In the presence of TGF-β impaired IDO activity might contribute in the progression of disease scenario. The use of tryptophan metabolites could enhance the effects of IDO and compensate for the lack of efficiency of existing immunotherapeutic strategies. The positive effect of tryptophan metabolites on Human CD4+ T cells to induce polarization toward T-reg phenotype may render a prospective means to ameliorate the consequence of immunotherapy for the management of PBC. In this study we analyzed that the immunomodulatory enzyme IDO activity providing new insight into the pathogenesis of PBC. IDO-mediated immunosupression through tryptophan metabolites may be used against the progression of PBC. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has infected more than 12 million Pakistani people. Our aim was to assess the expression and enzymatic activity of IDO in HCV patients. We observed high expression of IDO in HCV induced liver cirrhotic patients. IDO was significantly higher in the serum samples of HCV infected patients as compare to the control. It suggest that IDO may involved in the immunosuppression and possibly contribute to progression of HCV infection. Our findings advocated that the HCV patients with over expression of IDO might have poor prognosis, and IDO may become a newly useful marker for HCV induced liver cirrhosis. Thus, blocking IDO might provide new strategies as an adjuvant therapy intervention for HCV. The modeling of the biological regulatory networks (BRNs) using of Rene Thomas Formalism, we observed the critical role of TGF-β and IFN-γ in the suppression and induction of IDO. We observe two types of steady states behaviors in the state graph. The cycle shows the homeostasis of IDO and TGF-β while IFN-γ is inactive (silent). The stable state shows the high expression levels of IFN-γ and IDO while TGF-β is silent. There is a divergence from the cycle towards the stable states and it is observed that this divergence occurs when IFN-γ has expression levels. In cancers condition if we induce TGF-β which is negative regulator of IDO can create the homeostasis. Otherwise the expression of IDO can be inhibited by 1-MT. In case of autoimmune diseases if we inhibit the TGF-β the induction of IDO may produce homeostasis. Tryptophan downstream metabolites can also beneficial in this regard. Key words: IDO, PBC, HCV, IFN-γ, TGF-β, 1-MT, H69, Tryptophan metabolites, BRNs