The present research was initiated at the Agricultural Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan during rabi seasons 2009-10 and 2010-11. This field oriented research project on the application of NPK, organic fertilizers and micronutrients was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) using four replications. The sub-plot size was 1.8 m × 5 m (9 m2) using wheat variety “Gomal-8” throughout the study. The data were recorded on various physiological (leaf area index and leaf area duration at 49 & 98 days after sowing, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate), agronomic (number of days to maturity, plant height at maturity, number of tillers, spike length, number of grain, thousand grain weight, grain and biological yield, harvest index), economic (benefit cost ratio) and quality (grain protein contents) parameters during the course of study. In experiment 1, five micro nutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, B), alone and in combination, were tested. The results revealed significant variations in most of the physiological and agronomic parameters. During the years 2009-10 & 2010-11, maximum leaf area index (3.33 & 3.49 m-2) with the highest crop growth rate (23.31 & 33.49 g m-2 day-1) was recorded with boron (2 kg ha-1) application. The same treatment also had the highest grain yield (4.97 & 4.99 t ha-1) with the highest net return of Rs. 72,483/- & 69,456/- and benefit cost ratio (2.32 & 2.14). The same trend was noticed in experiment 2 where these five micro nutrients were applied in three different methods (side dressing, foliar spray, soil application). The use of boron significantly influenced crop growth as well yield and yield components. During both the experimental years, maximum leaf area index, crop growth rate and the highest grain yield (5.17 & 5.63 t ha-1) was obtained by applying boron @ 2 kg ha-1. Among the application methods, soil application at sowing proved its efficacy in terms of time and cost saving compared to foliar spray and side dressing. The soil application of boron gave the highest net return (Rs. 88,099/- & 92,685/-) and benefit cost ratio (2.61 & 2.52) during both the cropping seasons. Foliar spray of zinc was least economical while zinc application produced the lowest grain yield (4.80 & 5.47 t ha-1) during both the 19 experimental years. The application of NPK (full recommended dose), organic fertilizers and micro nutrients in experiment 3 produced the highest crop growth rate (40.42 & 40.96 g m-2 day-1) and grain yield (4.40 & 5.29 t ha-1) during both the experimental years. Among different organic fertilizers, farmyard manure (FYM) showed better results during both the years. Similar results were noted in case of micronutrients application. Boron application improved almost all growth and yield parameters. Economically, the application of NPK (full RFD) in addition to boron was the best combination with maximum net benefit (Rs. 63,023/- & 89,671/-) and benefit cost ratio (2.17 & 2.57). On the basis of results obtained, it is concluded that fertilizer NPK (full recommended dose) should be applied for maximum wheat productivity. Among different micronutrients, boron application (2 kg ha-1) along with NPK (full RFD) enhanced the crop growth status and yield while soil application of micronutrients was convenient and effective. Organic manures are basically slow releasing in nature but must be used with chemical sources; however, the combination of FYM and NPK (half RFD) is also encouraging due to highly priced chemical fertilizers.
مولوی عبدالرزاق کانپوری ماتم گسارِ برامکہ کا ماتم مولوی عبداراق صاحب کانپوری نے جو البرامکہ کے مصنف کی حیثیت سے مشہور تھے، پچاسی برس کی عمر میں، ۱۸؍ فروری ۱۹۴۸ء کو بمقام بھوپال اپنی نواسی کے گھر میں ۳ بجے رات کو یکایک انتقال کیا، وہ کچھ دنوں سے بیمار تھے، ان کے داماد ان کو علاج کی خاطر دلی لے گئے تھے، اور غرض یہ بھی تھی کہ ان کے بعض پچھلے مسودات وہاں چھپ جائیں کہ دلی میں ہنگامہ ہوا، اور لوگوں میں بھگڈر مچی، مولوی صاحب موصوف کو ان کے عزیز ہوائی جہاز سے بھوپال لائے، جہاں ایک زمانہ سے مختلف خدمتوں کے تعلق سے ۱ن کا قیام تھا۔ مرحوم سے میری ملاقات غالباً ۱۹۲۱ء میں لکھنو دارالعلوم ندوہ کے اندر اس وقت ہوئی جب علی گڑھ ایجوکیشنل کانفرنس کے سالانہ اجلاس کے سبب سے ملک کے اکابر و مشاہیر لکھنؤ آئے تھے، البرامکہ میں کم سنی میں پڑھ چکا تھا، مصنف سے واقف تھا شاہ سلیمان صاحب، پھلواروی اس زمانہ میں دارالعلوم میں قیام فرما تھے، مشتافوں کا ان کے پاس ہجوم تھا انہی میں مولوی عبدالرزاق صاحب تھے، شاہ صاحب نے ان کی طرف اشارہ کرکے مذاقاً فرمایا کہ یہ برامکہ صاحب ہیں، اس تعارف سے مجھے خوشی ہوئی۔ اس کے بعد ۱۹۰۵ء میں جب حضرۃ الاستاذ علامہ شبلی نعمانی ؒ حیدرآباد سے قطع کرکے دارالعلوم میں معتمد ہوکر آئے، تو مرحوم کی آمد ورفت بکثرت ہونے لگی، یہ وہ زمانہ تھا، جب مرحوم نظام الملک سلجوتی لکھ رہے تھے، اور اس سلسلہ سے اپنے مسودات مولانا کو دکھانے لاتے تھے اور ان سے مشورے چاہتے تھے۔ مرحوم کی علمی استعداد اس قدر تھی کہ وہ فارسی اچھی طرح جانتے تھے، اور عربی سے مانوس تھے، اور عبارت سے مطلب سمجھ لیتے تھے البرمکہ لکھتے وقت اس سے ہی کم واقفیت تھی،...
Based on the 2013 curriculum 2016’s revision, there are subject materials that demand about local content in English subjects at the level of SMP Class VII. Teachers need many researches and practices integrating and implementating these subjects. Basically, it needs to be done in-depth study in the form of content analysis. This research was conducted on content and learning English in SMP Negeri 5 Sigi. This study aims to find out 1) how many percentage of local content in English lesson material Class VII SMP in the curriculum 2013 revision 2016; 2) how to integrate local content in English subject matter in SMP Negeri 5 Sigi; 3) how the implementation of material with local content in English learning in SMP Negeri 5 Sigi, and; 4) how to integrate local content in effective and efficient English lessons in SMP Negeri 5 Sigi. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with the method of collecting document studies, interviews, and observation. The research results are 1) the proportion of local content that can be integrated into English language learning material SMP is 95%; 2) the integrity of local content in English learning materials in SMP Negeri 5 Sigi can be found in the lesson plan; 3) implementation of materials with local content in English learning attached to KTSP, Syllabus, lesson plan and learning resources enrichment book.
Background: Palliative care is a modality of treatment that addresses physical, psychological and spiritual symptoms. Dignity therapy, a form of psychotherapy, was developed by Professor Harvey Chochinov, MD in 2005.
Methods: This was a randomized control trial of 144 patients (72 in each arm) randomized into group 1 (intervention arm) and group 2 (control arm). Baseline ESAS scores were determined in both arms following which group 1 received Dignity therapy while Group 2 received usual care only. Data collected was presented as Legacy documents to group 1 participants. Post intervention ESAS scores were obtained in both groups after 6 weeks. Analysis was based on the intention to treat principle and descriptive statistics computed. The main outcome was symptom distress scores on the ESAS (summated out of 100 and symptom specific scores out of 10). The student T-test was used to test for difference in ESAS scores at follow up and graphs computed for common cancers and comorbidities.
Results: Of the 144 (72 patients in each arm) patients randomized, 70%were female while 30% were male with a mean age of 50 years. At 6 weeks, 11 patients were lost to follow up, seven died and 126 completed the study. The commonly encountered cancers were gastrointestinal cancers (43%, p=0.29), breast cancer (27.27% p=0.71) and gynaecologic cancers (23% p=0.35).Majority of the patients i.e. 64.3% had no comorbidities.
After adjusting for baseline scores, the mean (summated) symptom distress score was not significant (GLM p=0.78). Dignity therapy group showed a trend towards statistical improvement in anxiety (p=0.059). The largest effects seen were in improvement of appetite, lower anxiety and improved wellbeing (Cohen effect size 0.3, 0.5 and 0.31 respectively).
Conclusion: Dignity therapy showed no statistical improvement in overall quality of life. Symptom improvement was seen in anxiety and this was a trend towards statistical significance (p=0.059).