Home > Effect of Organic Acid Blend and Prebiotic on Growth Performance Gut Histomorphometry, Tibia Bone Characteristics, Reactive Oxygen Species, Microbial Count and Expression of Hsp 70 in Heat Stressed Broilers.
Effect of Organic Acid Blend and Prebiotic on Growth Performance Gut Histomorphometry, Tibia Bone Characteristics, Reactive Oxygen Species, Microbial Count and Expression of Hsp 70 in Heat Stressed Broilers.
This experiment was designed to study the effects of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) and organic acid blend (OAB) supplementation individually and in combination on growth performance, relative organ weight, lymphoid organ weight, gut mucosal micrometry, intraepithelial lymphocyte count (IELs), histochemistry of goblet cells, tibia bone characteristics, serum biochemistry, small intestinal microbiota and expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) in Hubbard chicks. Two experiments were conducted to study the influence of these supplements on broilers, during the first trial, birds were reared in a thermoneutral zone whereas, in the second trial birds were exposed to cyclic heat stress. For conducting the first trial a total of 128 one day-old chicks were divided equally in four different groups with each group having 4 replicates. The number of birds per group were 32 whereas the number of birds per replicate were 8.The first group was kept as control (CONT) whereas, the second (MOSG) and third (OABG) groups were given MOS (2g / kg of feed) and OAB (3g / kg of feed), respectively. The fourth group (MOS+OAB) was given combination of MOS (2g / kg of feed) and OAB (3g / kg of feed). Birds were given ad-libitum feed and water throughout the experiment of 35 days. At the end of trial, two birds from each replicate were slaughtered for analysis of selected parameters. The results showed that live body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass weight and carcass yield were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in MOS+OAB compared to MOSG, OABG and CONT groups. It was also seen that the weight of liver, thymus, pancreas, bursa of Fabricius, heart, duodenum (empty), jejunum (empty) and ileum (empty) of birds that were from MOS+OAB was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the weight of the aforementioned organs from the other groups. Mucosal micrometry of small intestine revealed that in all segments of small intestine villus surface area (VSA) significantly increased (p<0.05) by dietary supplementations under study as birds from group MOS+OAB had significantly higher vi (p<0.05) values for VSA compared to birds of groups MOSG, OABG and CONT. There was no significance (p>0.05) in the number IELs in small intestine after feeding MOS and OAB alone and in combination in jejunum and ileum. However, in duodenum birds from all the three treatment groups had significantly less (p<0.05) number of IEL compared to the birds of CONT group. It was observed that in all the three segments of small intestine acidic goblet cells (AGC) and total goblet cells (TGC) increased significantly (p<0.05) in MOS+OAB, MOSG and OABG group birds compared to birds of CONT group. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) for AGC and TGC between birds of MOS+OAB and OABG group birds. Number of mixed goblet cells (MGC) increased significantly (p<0.05) in all segments of small intestine in birds of groups MOS+OAB compared to MOSG, OABG and CONT group birds. Tibia bone analysis revealed that robusticity and tibiotarsal indices were significantly better (p < 0.05) for the birds fed combination of MOS and OAB. Serum biochemistry revealed that the values for total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), ceruloplasmin, arylesterase, paraoxonase, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were not significantly affected (p > 0.05) by single and combined supplementation of MOS and OAB. However, levels of TSH were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in birds of MOSG and OABG group birds compared to CONT. The results of microbial analysis showed higher number (p < 0.05) of lactic acid bacteria and yeast in birds having MOS+OAB in the contents of all small intestinal segments compared to other groups. It was observed that the level of HSP 70 was significantly decreased by supplementation of MOS and OAB. Results show that the concentration of HSP 70 in the mucosa of duodenum, jejunum and ileum was significantly lower (p<0.05) in birds of groups MOS+OAB, MOSG and OABG compared to CONT group. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in expression of HSP 70 among birds of group MOSG, OABG and MOS+OAB. In conclusion, supplementation of MOS and OAB in combination is beneficial compared to their individual effects in broiler vii chicks. In second trial the birds were exposed to cyclic heat stress. To conduct this trial a total of 128 one day-old chicks were divided equally in four different groups with each group having 4 replicates. The number of birds per group were 32 whereas the number of birds per replicate were 8.The first group was kept as positive control (HSG) whereas, the second (HSMOS) and third (HSOAB) groups were given MOS (2g / kg of feed) and OAB (3g / kg of feed), respectively. The fourth group (HSMO) was given combination of MOS (2g / kg of feed) and OAB (3g / kg of feed). Birds were offered ad-libitum feed and water throughout the experiment of 35 days. At the end of the trial, two birds from each replicate were slaughtered for analysis of selected parameters. It was observed that the live body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass weight and carcass yield were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in HSMO compared to HSMOS, HSOAB and HSG. It was also seen that the weight of liver, thymus, pancreas, bursa of Fabricius, heart, duodenum (empty), jejunum (empty) and ileum (empty) of birds that were from HSMO was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the weight of the aforementioned organs from the other groups. Mucosal micrometry of small intestine revealed that in all segments of the small intestine villus surface area (VSA) significantly increased (p < 0.05) by dietary supplementations under study as birds from group HSMO had significantly higher (p < 0.05) values for VSA compared to birds of groups HSMOS, HSOAB and HSG. It was found that the number IELs in all segments of the small intestine after feeding MOS and OAB alone and in combination significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in all the treatment groups compared to HSG. We also observed that in all three segments of small intestine AGC, MGC and TGC increased significantly (p < 0.05) in HSMO, HSMOS and HSOAB birds compared to birds of HSG. However, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) for AGC, MGC and TGC between birds of HSMOS and HSOAB birds. Results of tibia bone analysis revealed that robusticity and tibiotarsal indices were significantly better (p < 0.05) for the birds fed combination of MOS and OAB. It was observed that the values for viii ceruloplasmin, arylesterase, paraoxonase and T3 were not significantly affected (p > 0.05) by single and combined supplementation of MOS and OAB. However, values for TOS and TAS were significantly lower (p > 0.05) in all the treatment groups compared to HSG. Levels of TSH and T4 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in birds of HSMOS and HSOAB birds compared to HSG. Furthermore it was also observed that in HSMO TSH values were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the birds from other three groups. It was seen that in all the three segments of small intestine acidic goblet cells (AGC) mixed goblet cells (MGC) and total goblet cells (TGC) increased significantly (p<0.05) in HSMO, HSMOS and HSOAB birds compared to birds of HSG. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) for AGC, MGC and TGC between birds of HSMOS and HSOAB birds. Regarding small intestine microbiology we observed that in all the small intestinal segments the total number of LAB increased significantly (p<0.05) by supplementation of MOS and OAB alone and in combination. It was observed that birds from group HSMO had significantly higher (p<0.05) LAB number followed by HSMOS birds and HSOAB birds compared to the birds of HSG. It was observed that the expression of HSP 70 was significantly decreased by supplementation of MOS and OAB. Results revealed that the concentration of HSP 70 in the mucosa of duodenum, jejunum and ileum was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in birds of groups HSMO, HSMOS and HSOAB compared to HSG. However, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in expression of HSP 70 among birds of group HSMOS, HSOAB and HSMO. It was concluded that for broilers reared under thermoneutral zone or cyclic heat stress supplementation of MOS and OAB in combination is more beneficial compared to their individual effects." xml:lang="en_US
آہ! مولانا محمد عمران خان ندوی الازہری ۲۲؍ اکتوبر ۸۶ء کو یکایک خبر ملی کہ مولانا حافظ محمد عمران خان ندوی ازہری اپنے خاندان والوں کو دل فگار اور اپنے جاننے والوں کو دل گیر چھوڑ کر تہتر (۷۳) سال کی عمر میں اس عالم فانی سے عالم جادوانی کو سدھارے، اس خبر سے جسم و دماغ پر ایک بجلی گر پڑی۔ ان کی موت ایک خاص قسم کی قوت عمل، عزم، ادارہ، خوش انتظامی، خوش سلیقگی، خوش فکری، اور خوش و ضعی کی موت ہے، وہ اپنے پیچھے ایک درس چھوڑ گئے کہ عمل پیہم اور یقین محکم سے کس طرح اہم اور بڑے سے بڑا، کام انجام دیا جاسکتا ہے، بے سرو سامانی میں کیسے کیسے سازوسامان پیدا کیے جاسکتے ہیں، یا س کے عالم میں مخلص کارکنوں کی جماعت کی تنظیم کیسے کی جاسکتی، اور ناداری کے عالم میں بھی وہ کام انجام دیا جاسکتا ہے جو بڑی دولت کے ذریعہ سے نہیں کیا جاسکتا۔ وہ بھوپال کے رہنے والے تھے، ۱۹۴۷ء کے بعد جب بھوپال کا فرماں روا خاندان بھوپال چھوڑ کر دوسری جگہ پناہ گزین ہوگیا تھا تو مولانا عمران خان ندوی نے اپنی قوت ارادی کو بروئے کارلاکر بھوپال کے لوگوں کے دلوں پر اپنی فرماں روائی شروع کردی اور یہ نمونہ پیش کیا کہ تاج و تخت کے بغیر بھی اخلاص کی پاکیزگی، نیت کی طہارت اور عمل کی پختگی کے ساتھ فرماں روائی ہوسکتی ہے۔ انھوں نے تاج المساجد کی تعمیر جس طرح ازسرنو کی اور اس کی زینت و آرایش میں جس طرح اضافہ کیا، اور پھر اس کے ذریعہ سے جو دینی حمیت اور ایمانی حرارت پیدا کی، وہ ایسا کارنامہ ہے کہ دنیا کی بڑی مسجدوں کی تعمیر کی جب تاریخ لکھی جائے گی تو ان کا نام نامی بھی اس تاریخ میں ضرور لکھا جائے...
The Islamic Jurisprudence has given a great importance to the existence of family system of life. That is why the Qur‘ān has described the laws of family life with details in comparison with worship of Allah. In family system of life, marriage has a great importance but marriage is not only essential part of worship. Its purposes one the existence of human generation along with the survival society where there must be modesty and justice but it is only possible if the family system of life is established on everlasting principles. That is why our Islamic Jurisprudence has declared the willingness of both bridegroom and bride and their family more importance in the marriages. Such marriages are always durable and permanent. On the contrary, if there is no willingness of both the bridegroom and bride in marriages. Then such marriages are not durable and permanent. In marriage a girl is a party and the Islamic jurisprudence has given a great deal of importance to her willingness but in pusthoon society, sometimes such marriages are conducted in which the bride concerned has no approval rather she is forced to accept that bond of marriage such marriages are commonly called “Forced Marriages”. The article below is defining the different kinds of forced marriages in vogue and is trying to find out their religious and dogmatic status as well.
Calcium and manganese perform various important biological functions within the plant body, including signal transduction, proper cell wall formation, photosynthesis, respiration and nitrogen assimilation etc. Calcium and manganese exist in the form of ions within cells. P2- type calcium ATPases are responsible for maintaining homeostasis of these ions in both domains of life. P2- type ATPases are further divided into P2A (ECAs) and P2B- types (ACAs). In present research work, BLAST searches in different databases were conducted for the retrieval of calcium ATPase sequences of selected monocots and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. Furthermore, Triticum aestivum plants were grown under calcium and manganese stress using hydroponic culture. The tissue generated was used to find out the expression of selected P2A and P2B- type calcium ATPases under manganese and calcium stress. Moreover, an ECA3 construct was generated and it was transformed into yeast model (Pmr1) to find out the possible role of this gene in manganese nutrition. Overall, phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of evolutionary relatedness among P2- type calcium ATPases. High expression of selected ACAs was observed in T. aestivum plants grown under calcium stress, which gave clues to the role of ACAs in signal transduction in T. aestivum. High expression of selected T. aestivum ECAs under calcium and manganese stress was also observed which may indicate the potential roles of these ATPases in calcium and manganese nutrition in T. aestivum. Additionally, ECA3 gene (which is a P2A- type ATPase) was amplified using T. aestivum cDNA and sequenced subsequently. The data indicated that it retained introns in some of the transcripts. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that events of intron retention in ECA3 transcripts were much enhanced when plants were exposed to calcium stress. ECA3 construct was further transformed into yeast mutant Pmr1, which is a null mutant for xi its own manganese pump and cannot grow on high manganese concentration in the medium. Interestingly, ECA3 rescued the phenotype and helped the mutant to grow successfully on manganese toxic media. This further indicated, the importance of ECA3 in manganese translocation in T. aestivum. Hence, ECA3 gene is reported here as first P2A- type pump identified in T. aestivum and is required for manganese management in this species. its own manganese pump and cannot grow on high manganese concentration in the medium. Interestingly, ECA3 rescued the phenotype and helped the mutant to grow successfully on manganese toxic media. This further indicated, the importance of ECA3 in manganese translocation in T. aestivum. Hence, ECA3 gene is reported here as first P2A- type pump identified in T. aestivum and is required for manganese management in this species.