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Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Pgpr and Cytokinins on the Growth and Yield of Wheat Triticum Aestivum L. under Drought

Thesis Info

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Author

Zaheer, Muhammad Saqlain

Program

PhD

Institute

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

City

Bahawalpur

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Agricultural Technology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10592/1/Muhammad_Saqlain_Zaheer_Agronomy_2019_IUB_18.07.2019.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725987149

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Drought effects plant internal functions as the constraint for production. Different strategies are using to mitigate it. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and cytokinins (CK) plays important role under water stress and help to enhance crop growth. Seed inoculation with PGPR is increase soil fertility. Growth hormones like cytokinins improve plant functions and actual yield through exogenous application. To determine the effect of PGPR and cytokinins on the growth and yield of wheat under drought, planned wire house and field experiment were arranged at the research area of Agronomy Department, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur. Four wire house experiments and three field experiments were set, to check PGPR and CK effecr wheat growth and yield under drought. First wire house experiment was the screening of best genotype of wheat variety in drought. 10 different wheat varieties (V1= Aas-2011, V2= Mairaj-2008, V3= Fareed-2006, V4= Punjab-2011, V5= Lasani-2008, V6= Faisalabad-2008, V7= Galaxy2013, V8= Millat-2011, V9= AARI-2011, V10= Uqaab-2000) were used for screening under water deficit stress at tillering, anthesis and grain filling stage to identify best genotype under drought stress under agro ecological conditions of Bahawalpur. Galaxy2013 was observed the highest yielding variety under drought stress among them. It was also noticed that drought stress damaged crop functions and growth. Second experiment was to identify the best PGPR strain. Azospirillum, Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter and Moraxella were isolated from soil rhizosphere of Acacia nilotica under. A. brasilense Azo-1 was selected as a best PGPR strain among them. Next experiment was carried in both wire house and field entitled, “Cytokinins applied under drought stress to improve growth and physiological efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”. Seven treatments were used in experiment (To =Control, T1 =Drought at tillering, T2 =Drought at tillering + CKs Application, T3 =Drought at anthesis, T4 = Drought at anthesis + CKs Application, T5 = Drought at grain filling, T6 = Drought at grain filling + CKs Application). 5th experiment (wire house) was arranged to investigat the effect of Azospirillum brasilense and Rhizobium pisi on agronomic traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and results showed that co-inoculation gives the best results. 6th experiment was carried under field condition entitled, “Use of Azospirillum brasilense as a drought management tool in wheat crop” and noticed that A. brasilense inoculated wheat plants under drought showed more yield as compared to un-inoculated treatments. 7th, 2 years experiment was arranged to investigate the combine effect of PGPR and CK under drought stress in wheat crop. 13 treatments were used (To=Control, T1=Drought at tillering, T2=Drought at tillering +PGPR, T3=Drought at tillering +CKs, T4 = Drought at tillering +PGPR+CKs, T5 = Drought at anthesis, T6=Drought at anthesis +PGPR, T7=Drought at anthesis +CKs, T8=Drought at anthesis +PGPR+CKs, T9 = Drought at grain filling, T10 = Drought at grain filling +PGPR, T11 = Drought at grain filling+ CKs, T12 = Drought at grain filling +PGPR+CKs) in this experiment having three replications. Combined application of PGPR and CK is more beneficial for alleviation of drought. 5.90%, 3.49%, 4.09% and 6%, 8.51%, 4.07% more grain yield was recorded during 2016-17 and 2017-18 respectively, by combine application of PGPR and CK under drought. Beneficial bacteria colonize the rhizosphere impart drought tolerance. CK participate in removing of ROS from the cell and increases antioxidant enzymes during drought stress so plant growth and yield improved under such condition.
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ثناء اﷲ امرتسری

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مرحوم ندوہ کے رکن بھی اکثر رہے، بلکہ خود ان کے بقول ندوہ کانپور میں ان کی دستار بندی ہی کے جلسہ میں پیدا ہوا، مرحوم نے ابتدائی تعلیم کے بعد کچھ دنوں مدرسہ دیوبند میں پڑھا، پھر وہ کانپور آکر مدرسہ فیض عام میں داخل ہوئے...

مسالک کے مشترکات کے ادراک کی اہمیت: پاکستان کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Signaficance of the Understanding of Intra-faith Similerties: Analytical Study in the Context of Pakistan Muslims are commanded to foster unity as breaking into sects is forbidden by Allah. Islam teaches about broadness of vision and the emergence of different denominations in Islam is because of this broadness. There are different school of thoughts that emerged due to the broader perspective of Shar’ῑah rulings like Hanfῑ, Shᾱfῑ, Mᾱlikῑ and Hanblῑ, J'afrῑ etc despite that there is an essential unity in beliefs and practices among the Muslims. They all worship Allah, follow the last Messenger, Muhammad (ﷺ) and the last revelation Qur’an. They face the same Qibla while praying, prostrate to Allah five times a day, and believe in finality of prophet hood. Qur'an and Ahᾱdῑth are a source of jurisprudence for all Muslims. The difference between Muslims is in understanding and interpreting the Scripture and Ᾱhᾱdῑth of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) in the matters related with implementation of certain religious, social, political, and other duties. Islam rejects sectarianism, intolerance and extremism. Keeping in mind all of the above-mentioned points, in the article an attempt has been made to analyze the major challenges facing the intra-faith unity in Pakistan. The first is ignorance. Second is the role of media and scholars. Third is curriculum and fourth is intolerance. In the beginning the introduction of different schools of thought is given, and then forbearance demonstrated from the life of ‘Salaf Sᾱlihῑn’ has been described to establish an atmosphere of harmony in the present time, especially in Pakistan. The importance and significance of foundations of harmony is explained in such a manner that every Muslim should understand that the differences between the Muslims are very small, as they are only minor disagreements. Other than that, they are united in beliefs and practices. Finally, in the end, recommendations have been proposed.

Relationship Between Root‐Mediated Changes and Salt Tolerance in Wheat Triticum Aestivum L.

Salt affected soils have higher concentration of soluble salts or exchangeable sodium to the extent that affects normal growth of crops. Salt-affected soils include saline, sodic and saline- sodic soils. These soils are mostly present in arid and semi arid regions of the globe because in such areas annual rainfall is less than evapo-transpiration. Plants face different types of problems due to the presence of salts. The research work presented in this thesis includes screening of 25 wheat genotypes under saline sodic field conditions. The genotypes selected from these salt affected conditions were further tested in pots and characterized in nutrient solution studies where the salts were artificially applied. Growth reduction occurred under salt stress and genotypes differed significantly in stress treatments. In saline treatment, the genotype 25- SAWSN-12 produced higher shoot fresh and dry weights, and showed lower accumulation of Na+ and Cl- and higher concentration of K+ where as the genotype 25-SAWSN-8 produced lower shoot fresh and dry weights and had lower accumulation of K+ and higher concentration of Na+ and Cl-. The salt tolerant wheat genotype 25-SAWSN-12 maintained better water relations, photosynthetic parameters and showed better oxidative stress tolerance with higher activities of SOD, POD and CAT than the salt sensitive genotype. The seminal and nodal root growth of 25- SAWSN-12 was higher than 25-SAWSN-8. The tolerant genotype also exhibited higher ash alkalinity and the production of organic acids including citric acid, malic acid and tartaric acid than the salt sensitive wheat genotype. These characteristics helped the tolerant genotype 25- SAWSN-12 to maintain better growth under salt-affected conditions than the salt sensitive wheat genotype 25-SAWSN-8. Therefore, the genotype which can maintain higher concentration of K+ and lower concentration Na+ and Cl- tend to grow better in salt affected field conditions. A salt tolerant wheat genotype secretes more root exudates and will acidify its rhizosphere in a better way thus making the rhizosphere conditions favourable for itself even under unfavorable soil conditions. The enhanced enzymatic activity in tolerant genotype will reduce the effect of ROS on plants produced as a result of salt exposure. The genotype 25-SAWSN-12 was promising under salt-affected conditions, and can be recommended to the farmers and may also be used by the breeders for the development of more salt tolerant wheat genotypes. This will help the farmers to reclaim their salt affected rootzone soils by biological means as the rhizosphere acidification will help to improve the soil for better plant growth under salt affected conditions.