Aging is natural process with physiological changes many of them merely a decline in the rate of functioning. Aging does not begin on the day of retirement from service or at the age of sixty, rather growing old is a continuous and universal process, which occurs to every minute that passes. Loss of musculature, generalized weakness and change in body composition in elderly is the, multifactorial process which is due to the combination of ,the adoption of sedentary lifestyle and a less than the required food nutrients. Increasing evidence by researchers indicate to a vague anabolic response after a mixed nutrient meal as a likely explanation for chronic age-related muscle wasting and change in body composition of fat, bone and musculature. However, there is general agreement that moderately increasing daily protein intake beyond 0.8 g·kg –1 ·d –1 may enhance muscle protein anabolism and provide a means of reducing the progressive loss of muscle mass with increasing age. The objective of the research was to see the effect of protein diet associated with resistive exercise induced changes in body composition and muscle size and the strength in geriatrics. To accomplish the task sample of 120 people were selected from each stratum of sports, diseased and normal group, after selecting the required sample, subjects were given trails of protein, exercise, protein and exercise, and some of them were not given any stimulant, they remained as control group. After going through the whole process of inducing various stimulants (protein, exercise, protein and exercise), laboratory investigations and statistical analysis. It has been found that protein, exercise, protein and exercise have considerably changed the body composition, and a significant enhancement is observed in the muscle size and strength in geriatrics.
ایم۔ حبیب خاں یہ سطریں زیر تحریر تھیں کہ معلوم ہوا کہ جناب ایم حبیب خاں بھی رحلت فرماگئے وہ انجمن ترقی اردو ہند کے اسسٹنٹ سیکریٹری اور جناب خلیق انجم جنرل سیکریٹری کے دست راست تھے، نیک طبع اور شریف انسان تھے، جب بھی ملاقات ہوتی تو اپنے خلوص و محبت کا نقش دل پر بٹھا دیتے، دارالمصنفین سے بھی لگاؤ رکھتے، گزشتہ برس لکھنؤ میں ملاقات ہوئی تو دیر تک اس کے مسائل پر تبادلہ خیال کرتے رہے، مدت دراز سے انجمن سے وابستہ تھے، ادب و تنقید ان کا خاص موضوع تھا، اس پر ان کی کئی کتابیں چھپ چکی ہیں، ۶۴؍ ۶۵ برس عمر رہی ہوگی اور صحت اچھی تھی مگر دو ماہ قبل جگر کے کینسر کا عارضہ ہوا اور چل بسے اﷲ تعالیٰ اپنی رحمت کاملہ سے نوازے۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، مارچ ۱۹۹۸ء)
It is with profound pleasure that we write this editorial to welcome you to the new journal, “Pakistan Biomedical Journal” (PBMJ), an interdisciplinary international journal. PBMJ has successfully completed its first volume and now its the second volume. We greatly appreciate the response of scientists who have contributed previously and are still contributing to this new journal. The subject of the journal is interesting and we try to address the health related concerns of public and improve the understandingof scientific phenomenons by researchers. Research discoveries are happening at a fast pace, in all the fields and PBMJ provides an ideal forum for exchange of scientific knowledge in terms of full length papers, surveys, reviews, case studies, letters to editor and systematic analysis. PBMJ is committed to publishing all manuscripts receiving a high recommendation from reviewers. The intention of PBMJ is to create space for generation of new knowledge, debate, collaborations among national and international scientists. Our vision is to promote research that will be helpful for knowledge sharing, new discoveries, development of critical thinking among the upcoming scholars, guidance for policy makers, awareness among the concerned community and ultimately benefitting the general population in improving health and fitness at large. It is a matter of pride for us to haveexcellent editorial board members from renowned institutes. We aim to have the best standards of quality of the published manuscripts. With every issue, we are continuously trying to improve the standards. We look forward for more exciting researches and scientific studies from all over the world. We would like to extend a very warm welcome to the readers of PBMJ and hope you will join us as authors, reviewers and editors in future.
An effective educational leadership plays a crucial role in order to bring about sustainable change in schools. Generally, in the Pakistani context and particularly in Northern Areas, customarily, teachers are promoted as principals on seniority basis or they are selected directly before they attend any training in school leadership and management. Most of them being untrained or unaware of educational leadership, appear to be ineffective in school development, because use of personal styles of leadership. This situation does not allow principals as well as teachers to create a collaborative learning environment. Therefore, a critical study of principals and teachers' notions and perceptions about effective leadership seems to be very important. Various researchers have reached the consensus that without bringing any change in principals as well as teachers' beliefs it would be difficult to bring any change in their practices. This study was focused in a private secondary school, in Karachi. In the qualitative paradigm through in-depth interviews, the study used the case study method to explore a principal's notions of her role as an effective educational leader. The tools of exploration were interviewing, observation and documentation analysis. The study of teachers' perceptions about their principal's role as an effective educational leader proved very useful in recognizing the differences between the principal and teachers' perceptions. The data analysis reveals that the principal's conception about effective educational leadership is clear to some extent, however, in practices she appears to be an authoritarian. It seems that due to lack of intercommunication skills, the principal has not been effective in giving equal participation to staff in school leadership and management. As a result, the junior staff members seemed to be de-motivated, because they feel that they have no participation in school management. The teachers have the expectations that the principal should be a critical observer and critical motivator if better students learning outcomes are to be achieved. The teachers believe that a peaceful and secure environment enables them to work with more zeal and devotion. Overall, data suggests that a shared vision, trust, commitment and collaborative efforts play a pivotal role in making the principal's role as an effective educational leader.