EFFECTS OF MULLIGAN ROTATIONAL MOVEMENT VERSUS MEDIAL GAPPING TECHNIQUE ON PAIN, RANGE OF MOTION AND DISABILITY IN PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

Background and Aim: To compare the effects of mulligan rotational movement and medial gapping technique on pain, range of motion and disability in knee osteoarthritis patients. Methodology: This study was a Randomized Clinical Trial. The data was collected using a convenience sampling technique. Data was collected from Jinnah Hospital Lahore, from 15th December – 30th June 2022.36 subjects (males and females) were recruited in two groups. The first group received Mobilization with movement along with a conservative treatment protocol. The second group received the Medial gapping technique along with conservative treatment protocol. Each group was treated for four weeks in which three sessions per week were given. Numeric pain rating scale and the disability index were used as outcome measures. Data was analyzed through statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results: Within-group comparison by paired t-test showed the p-value was significant <.05, indicating that both treatment was effective in improving symptoms. Between groups, comparison by independent t-test showed that Mulligan Mobilization Technique is more effective than the medial gapping technique in improving pain disability and quality of life. Conclusion: The study concluded that Mulligan Mobilization Technique provides more clinical benefits regarding pain, disability and range of motion in osteoarthritis patients than Medial Gapping Technique.

A Comparative Study of the Role of Public Higher Secondary Schools in Rural and Urban Sindh

The overall purpose of this study was to examine how rural and urban Higher Secondary School differs in their performance and what role they were playing in the education system of Sindh. The scope of the study was limited to the Public Higher Secondary Schools province of Sindh only. The population of the study consisted of Principals of Public Higher Secondary Schools in rural and urban Sindh. The final sample consisted of 70 Principals, 30 from rural and 40 from urban Public Higher Secondary Schools of Sindh. Study reviewed research information on some major aspects of Public Higher Secondary Schools in rural and urban Sindh, its role in education system including its effectiveness, discipline, performance and examination results. So the researcher had presented the background of the problem and introduced the impact of the problem on present education system. Assumptions as well as hypothesis were formulated. Education system of Pakistan and other countries were explained in the study. Education policies, in accordance with Higher Secondary Schools and rural- urban disparity in access to education in Sindh also discussed. The affects of Principals, teachers and students on the performance of higher secondary schools were also observed. Questionnaire was developed for collection of data by using pre-test and post-test method. Statistical analysis of data collected was done. All the five hypotheses were tested using frequency, percent, valid percent and cummulative percent. Findings of research were also discussed. Recommendations were prepared to highlight and enhance the role of public higher secondary schools of rural and urban Sindh, in education. It was expected that this work will help research scholars and relevant educationists for further research. The government officials may also utilize this work in overcoming the problems in Public Higher Secondary Schools and improve its performance.