Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Effect of Soil Additives on Soil Moisture Conservation and Legume-Cereal Performance under Rainfed Conditions

Effect of Soil Additives on Soil Moisture Conservation and Legume-Cereal Performance under Rainfed Conditions

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Raza, Muhammad Sohail-Ur

Program

PhD

Institute

Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University

City

Rawalpindi

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6858/1/MUHAMMAD_SOHAIL_UR_RAZA_Agronomy_PMAS_2015.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725997891

Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.

Similar


The present two years study (2010-11 and 2011-12) was conducted at research area of PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi (AAUR) to test various soil additives for soil moisture conservation under different cropping systems, 2) find out an appropriate cropping system for efficient resource utilization and increase production per unit area and 3) compare the profitability of different soil additives and cropping systems. The field experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with split plot arrangements keeping cropping systems in main plots and soil additives in subplots. The cropping systems included summer fallow-wheat, mungbean-wheat, sorghum-wheat, and sorghum + Mungbean–Wheat (Mungbean was intercropped in sorghum). Soil additives i.e. farm yard manure, gypsum, compost and hydrogel (Qemisoyl) were applied in third week of June 2010 @ 25 t ha-1, 2.5 t ha-1, 0.75 t ha-1 and 15 kg ha-1, respectively about two week before the onset of monsoon. During the study period data on soil moisture content, bulk density, crop growth, yield and yield components for all the crops were recorded. Competitive indices, and water use efficiency was also calculated. The data was subjected to Fisher’s Analysis of Variance Technique (ANOVA) using statistical package STATISTIX 8.1. Least Significant Difference (LSD) test was used for comparison of treatment means. Economic analysis was performed using partial budget and dominance analysis techniques. The data revealed that at the time of wheat sowing after fellow or summer grown mungbean/sorghum, hydrogel (Qemisoyl) conserved higher moisture content (16.42%) in the soil profile as compared to control (12.80%). It was followed by compost, FYM and Gypsum. Among cropping systems, Mungbean-Wheat cropping xx system had slightly higher soil moisture content (15.1%) as compared to summer fellow (14.4%). Minimum soil moisture was recorded in Sorghum-Wheat system (13.2%). The moisture content in intercropping system was at par with fallow-wheat system. The values of competitive indices i.e. Land Equivalent Ratio, Relative Crowding Coefficient, and Competitive Ratio indicated sorghum/mungbean-wheat intercropping system as the most competitive and resource efficient system. Actual Yield Loss and Intercropping Advantage indices indicated reduction in yield of crops as compared to sole but it was compensated by (intercropping) production of two crops from same piece of land simultaneously. Sorghum-mungbean intercropping system produced wheat (2424 kg ha-1) at par with other systems implying this system as most productive in terms of total production per unit area per unit time (one year rotation). The partial budget analysis revealed sorghum/mungbean-wheat as most profitable cropping system and Hydrogel as most profitable soil additive. Whereas the hydrogel was most profitable soil additive in all cropping systems except mungbean-wheat system where compost was found most profitable.
Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

بھٹو کہانی

بھٹو کہانی

بھٹو کہانی میں نے آج تک چیئر مین بھٹو شہید کے متعلق اتنی جامع اور مکمل وڈیو نہیں دیکھی نوجوان نسل تو اپنی جگہ ۔پرانے لوگوں کے لیے بھی بہت سی نئی باتیں اس وڈیو میں موجود ہیں فرخ سہیل گوئیندی نے اتنی محنت کی ہے مجھے تو کوئی کمی نہیں لگتی اسے دیکھنے کے بعد خصوصاََنوجوان نسل سمجھ سکتی ہے کیونکہ آج تک پاکستان کی سیاست چیئر مین بھٹو شہید کے نام کے بغیر مکمل نہیں ہو سکتی بھٹو جو میرا فرخ سہیل گوئیندی اور ہزاروںلاکھوں جیالوں کا عشق تھا رومینس تھا عشق ہی تو تھا جو پروانے اپنے آپ پر تیل چھڑک کر آگ لگا لیتے تھے ۔جوان جیوے جیوے بھٹو جیوے کے نعرے لگاتے ہوئے تختہ دار چوم جاتے تھے ۔ننگی پیٹھوں پر لگنے والے ہر کوڑے پر چیخنے کے بجائے جیے بھٹو کے نعرے لگاتے تھے ۔وہ عشق آج بھی قائم دائم ہے احمد فراز نے کیا خوب کیا ہے ۔

ہم محبت میں بھی توحید کے قائل ہیں فرازؔ

ایک ہی شخص کو محبوب بنائے رکھنا

 

Effect of Service Experience and Perceived Value on Patients Satisfaction with Special Hospitals for Mom and Children

Patient satisfaction must be achieved in order to survive in the competitive hospital industry which tends to continue to grow beyond existing needs. This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of Service Experience and Perceived Value on patient satisfaction in the Inpatient Installation of the Regional Special Hospital of South Sulawesi Province (RSKD IA Pertiwi and RSKD IA Siti Fatimah). This type of research is a quantitative study using an observational study with a cross-sectional study design. The sample in this study were patients in the inpatient installation of the IA Pertiwi Regional Special Hospital (RSKD) and RSKD IA Siti Fatimah, totaling 130 respondents. The results showed that service experience based on functional clues variables, mechanic clues variables, humanistic clues variables, and perceived value affected patient satisfaction. It is recommended to every officer, both management and all employees, to maintain the dimensions of a good service experience, try to meet expectations, wants, and needs according to hospital standards, especially in the functional clues and humanistic clues dimensions by increasing the sensitivity of nurses in handling/care that can help complaints patients, there needs to be an increase in strategies in building customer value so that patients feel the pride felt by patients when they are treated in the hospital.

Phylogenetic Analysis and Dna Bar-Coding of Schizothorax Species from Neelum and Jhelum Rivers of Azad Jammu and Kashmir

The mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase 1 (CO1) gene is used as a standardized, authenticated and reliable molecular marker for a global species-level bio-identification system. The present study was conducted to analyze the DNA barcodes for accurate species identification from query samples. Complete COI gene (1551 bp) was amplified using PCR and sequenced from 26 fish samples collected from river Neelum and Jhelum Azad Kashmir. Out of 1551 sites of COI gene, 1490 (96.06%) sites were constant and 61 (3.93%) were variable characters in which 54 were parsimony informative, and 7 variable characters were singleton. The query sequences were tested against the public databases BOLD and Genbank. The overall mean genetic distance was 0.008, in which mean intraspecific nucleotide distance was 0.205% and relatively high interspecific distance (1.837%) was observed between present study and references sequences. Phylogenetic trees were also constructed to characterize the phylogenetic relationships of these species that showed the 99% to 100% sequence similarity with their corresponding species in the databanks. For the identification of fishes from different geographic origins, the open access reference libraries of DNA barcodes were used. High precision identification of species from DNA samples has major utility in different fields of fisheries conservation programs to reduce the fish vulnerability. Schizothoracinae commonly called snow trouts inhabit throughout the rivers of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. In the present study, four species of Schizothorax have been identified by using the molecular markers, while three species were already reported on the basis of their morphological characters (Schizothorax esocinus, Schizothorax plagiostomus and Schizothorax progastus) and one new species (Schizothorax niger) was identified first time in AJK. A contradicting relationship was observed among these species. To resolve the evolutionary relationships among these species, we sequenced mitochondrial fragments, including 16S rRNA, Cytb and D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA. The average nucleotide length of complete 16S rRNA in 45 samples of 4 Schizothorax species was ranged from 1527 bp to 1552 bp per specimen. Five haplotypes (h) were observed in these sequences, with haplotype diversity (Hd) 0.5323±0.080. Out of 1552 sites, 1547 (99.67%) sites were found to be conserved (monomorphic) and five are polymorphic. Out of five polymorphic sites, four are parsimony informative while one is singleton. The negative values of Tajima’s D and Fu and Li’s F* indicated that the genetic variations in 16S rRNA between species were not neutral which reflect the excess of external mutations. The Displacement loop was very mutable and showed the maximum length variations among species. The conserved sequence blocks were found in D-loop region of fish as compared to other vertebrate. Present findings indicates the presence of four conserved sequence blocks (CSB), four TAS motifs and 15 bp pyrimidine block in D-loop region. Total length of D-loop region varies from 763 to 777 bp in all the four Schizothorax species. The D-loop was found rich in AT contents and 5´ end of D-loop region was more conserved as compare to 3´ end. Out of 777 total characters, 760 (97.8%) characters were constant, all 17 (2.18%) variable characters were parsimony informative. The estimated transition/transversion bias (R) was 3.76. The sequence analysis of Cytb showed that out of 1148 sites, 1069 (93.11%) sites were conserved (monomorphic) and 79 (6.88%) were variable without any insertion or deletion. All these variable sites are parsimony informative. The rate of transition/transversion (R) was also higher in first codon position (R) is 53.81, which deviate from the neutral evolution (R= 0.5). A total of 9 haplotypes (h) were identified in Cytb gene of four Schizothorax species with average haplotype diversity (0.8420±0.038) and nucleotide diversity (0.01204±0.0051). Values obtained from different tests: Tajima’s D= -1.01919 (P > 0.10); Fu and Li’s D* = 1.96198 (P < 0.02); and Fu and Li’s F* = 1.09825 (P > 0.10). The negative values of Tajima’s D test shows the bottle neck effect whereas values of Li and Fu’S D* and Li and Fu’s F* test show excess of external mutations. The phylogenetic relationship analyzed by maximum likelihood and neighborjoining generated almost identical results suggesting that S. plagiostomus, S. esocinus and S. progastus were more closely related to each other than the S. niger, which was also confirmed by the genetic distance data but they have shared the common ancestor. A new species, S. niger inhabiting cold streams and rivers is distributed in the inland waters of occupied Kashmir but in present study S. niger was first time collected and identified from river Jhelum near Muzaffarabad city. The sequences of these genes were compared with other cyprinids fishes downloaded from NCBI along with one outgroup (Barbus barbus) as a root of tree. The results indicate that 16S rRNA, D-loop and cytochrome b genes are useful in analyzing genetic variation as well as in unravelling phylogenetic relationship in the subfamily Schizothoracinae. Current study gives a knowledge of molecular phylogeny of the species and enhances our comprehension of historical and taxonomic connections got from morphological and ecological studies. This is the very first study reported from a reservoir of cold water bodies of Azad Kashmir which have a great potential for conservation of cold water fish species.