حکیم عبدالقوی دریا بادی
ماہِ اکتوبر ۹۲ء میں ا یسی ۳ عالم ہستیاں اس دار فانی سے کوچ کرگئیں جن کا غم و افسوس مدتوں ہوتا رہے گا۔حکیم عبدالقوی دریابادی اورمولانا حامد اﷲ الانصاری غازی مختصر سی علالت کے بعد انتقال فرماگئے ۔ انا ﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
حکیم عبدالقوی دریابادی مولانا عبدالماجد دریا بادی کے بھتیجے اور داماد تھے۔ ان میں علم وقابلیت اس قدر تھی کہ ان کی سادگی وقناعت پسندی نے اس کو چھپا رکھاتھا ۔مشرقی ومغربی علوم میں انھیں ملکہ حاصل تھا۔انگریزی زبان میں بے تکلف لکھاکرتے تھے، اردو فارسی اور عربی میں تو ملکہ حاصل تھا ہی۔کتنے ہی اردو اخبارات کے اداریے بغیرنام کے لکھا کرتے تھے۔ فاضل طب تھے ایم۔ اے کی ڈگری اعلیٰ نمبروں سے انہوں نے حاصل کی اس کے باوجود کبھی بھی انہوں نے اپنی قابلیت کارعب یاسکّہ جمانے کی کوشش نہیں کی۔حضرت مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانیؒ سے ان کو قلبی لگاؤ تھا ۔ادارہ ندوۃ المصنفین دہلی کی طرف سے جب مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانیؒ کی یاد میں مفکّر ملّت شائع کیاگیا تواس میں حکیم عبدالقوی دریابادی نے خصوصی طور پر اپنامضمون اشاعت کے لیے ارسال فرمایا۔ ’’صدق جدید‘‘ لکھنؤ کوانھوں نے مرحوم دریابادی کے بعد جس طرح جاری رکھا وہ مولانا عبد الماجد دریابادی ؒ کی یادگاررہے گا۔ اﷲ انھیں کروٹ کروٹ جنت نصیب فرمائے۔ [نومبر ۱۹۹۲ء]
The book of tafseer of Sahi Bukhari is most comprehensive book among the books of Hadith and on the basis of many features, it is considered superior to many other books of Hadith. Imam Bukhari annotates each surah one by one in his book of tafseer and constructs 114 chapters equal to the number of surah and these chapters carry 548 hadith of Zikr in which 465 are Mosool and remaining are mualaq and 100 hadith are not described before and remaining are repetitive. Imam Bukhari implements both style of description that is tafseer bil masaur and tafseer bil rai which proves the fact that Imam Bukhari supports the style of tafseer bil rai mehmood. Many Quranic information can be collected from book of tafseer for example: sabub nazool, makki & madni, ilmul qirat, ghareebul quran etc. The derivation of these features the book of tafseer of Sahi Bukhari is not the end but it is a starting point for new study.
Industrial revolution has played a positive role in the economic growth and development but environment is affected negatively. This has led to the contamination of environment with toxic chemicals. Biodegradation of these harmful pollutants using microbes is strongly recommended as this is more efficient than other costly physicochemical processes. Current study was aimed to isolate indigenous bacteria capable of biodegrading toxic chemicals. For this purpose effluent samples were collected from Hattar Industrial Estate, Haripur, Pakistan and characterized. Initially, forty eight distinct bacterial isolates were obtained by plating on mixed metal nutrient agar medium supplemented with 200μg/ml each of chromium, lead, nickel salts. Further screening on solid agar medium both in rich and minimal medium (M9 and BH) supplemented with 12 different metal salts (Cr, Cu, Cd, As, Ag, Hg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni and Co) was done. Representatives of different classes of aromatic compounds including polyaromatic hydrocarbons phenanthrene (500-6000 μg/ml), biphenyl and naphthalene (1000-4000 μg/ml); petroleum hydrocarbons (1-3%) benzene, toluene, xylene; aromatic amines (1mM) aniline, chloroaniline; phenolic compounds (50-200μg/ml) phenol, p-nitrophenol, pentachlorophenol and azo dyes (50-100μg/ml) methyl orange, methyl yellow, methyl red, erichrome black T and congo red were used to determine the degradation potential of isolates. Results revealed that these bacteria had multiple heavy metal resistances. They were potentially able to utilize multiple hydrocarbons and azo dyes as carbon/ energy sources after degradation. Based on these tolerance/utilization profiles sixteen morphologically, physiologically and biochemically different isolates were chosen for metal remediation/ organic pollutant utilization/ degradation studies. Quantitative and qualitative investigation of transformation ability of these sixteen isolates for phenanthrene (1000mg/l), aniline (1mM), p-nitrophenol (50mg/l), pentachlorophenol (100mg/l) and azo dyes (50mg/l) congo red, methyl red was achieved by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Five potent strains were identified as Stenotrophomonas sp. MB339 (Acc No. KP723528), Staphylococcus sp. MB371 (Acc No. KP723530), Bacillus sp. MB366 (Acc No. KP723529), Klebsiella pneumoniae MB361 (Acc No. KP723532), Klebsiella pneumoniae MB373 (Acc No. KP723531) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Among metal remediating strains, Staphylococcus MB371, Stenotrophomonas MB339, Klebsiella pneumoniae MB361 showed maximum accumulation of Pb, Cr and Ni (i.e. 75.33, 34.07, 54.98%), respectively at 37°C. In addition, these strains efficiently reduced more than 70% of 200mg/l Cr (VI) to Cr (III) and >90% of phenanthrene, p-nitrophenol, pentachlorophenol at different pHs (5-9) and temperature (25-45°C). In case of aniline up to 91% degradation was achieved by Bacillus MB366, Stenotrophomonas MB339, Klebsiella pneumoniae MB373 at pH 7, 37°C. While, Staphylococcus sp. MB371, Klebsiella pneumoniae MB361 were unable to use aniline at pHs 5, 6. Decolorization of methyl red (>75%) was achieved by all five strains within pH range 5-9 and 30-37°C. However, less or even no decolorization was observed at 45°C especially by Stenotrophomonas MB339. Complete genome sequence analysis of these five strains was done using Ilumina Miseq and annotated with IMG ER pipeline. Genomic features of strains were different from one another in many attributes like size, total number of genes, protein coding genes, rRNA genes and G+C content. Functional annotations depicted that these strains were highly diverse in their metabolism. Heavy metal resistance genes organized in operons for arsenic, copper, mercury were identified in Stenotrophomonas MB339, for arsenic in Staphylococcus MB371 and Bacillus MB366. While genes for metal (Cr, As) reductase, efflux pump and other membrane proteins (Co, Cd, Fe, Zn, Mn) were annotated in genomes of Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae MB373, Stenotrophomonas MB339, Staphylococcus MB371 and Bacillus MB366. Genome annotations indicated that these genomes have variety of metabolic pathways for xenobiotics degradation. Aromatic ring hydroxylating dioxygenase genes responsible for degradation of PNP, PCP, phenanthrene. While genes for FMN-dependent, NADH-azo reductase might be supportive for methyl red decolorization. For nitroaromatic compounds, nitroreductase genes were found in Klebsiella pneumoniae MB361, Stenotrophomonas MB339 and Bacillus MB366. Indigenous bacteria isolated from industrial effluents play a significant role to detoxify metals and transform variety of chemicals present in contaminated environment. Present study revealed the molecular mechanisms behind adaptability of these biotopes to changing environmental conditions. This detailed research comprising of analytical and molecular approaches, highlight the biodegradation potential of strains which paves way for future bioprospecting of the potential enzymes vital for biodegradation perspective.