Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is becoming an emerging problem for developing countries where there is increase in expected age. There is no specific therapeutic treatment for these patients. Evidence suggests that the combination of both exercise and physical activity has a greater effect on MCI patients, than exercise or physical activity alone. The objective of this study was to determine the short and long-term effects of aerobic exercise and Xbox 360 Kinect cognitive games on slowness, complexity, coherence in electroencephalography (EEG) signals, somatosensory evoke potentials (SEPs) and cognitive tests in MCI patients. A parallel group design study was conducted in the Pakistan Railways General Hospital, Rawalpindi. Patients were selected and randomly divided into Xbox 360 Kinect cognitive games group (n=22), aerobic exercise group (n=21), single session aerobic exercise group (n=14) and their respective control groups (n=22, n=22, n=14 respectively). The outcome measures were slowness, complexity coherence of EEG, SEPs and mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA) and trail making test (TMT) A and B. EEG was recorded using the EMOTIV EPOC with 14 channels and Refa 72-channel stationary system. Patients were assessed before and after one session of intervention for short-term effects and after six weeks for long-term effects. After one session of aerobic exercise there were significant improvements in slowness (delta waves; 0.678+0.035 vs 0.791+0.033; p=0.015) and complexity (0.601+0.051 vs 0.470+0.042; p=0.027) of the EEG in aerobic exercise treated group as compared to no-aerobic exercise group. After six weeks there were significant xxii improvements in slowness (delta waves; 0.581+0.036 vs 0.815+0.025; p=0.005) and complexity (0.751+0.045 vs 0.533+0.046; p=0.001) of the EEG in the aerobic group as compared to no-aerobic group. Moreover, significant improvements were observed in the MMSE (p=0.032), MoCA (p=0.036), TMT-A (p=0.005) and TMT-B (p=0.007) in aerobic exercise group as compared to no-aerobic group. After one session of Xbox 360 Kinect cognitive games intervention, delta (0.704+0.025; p=0.013), theta (0.128+0.009; p=.0.00127) waves and complexity of EEG (0.642+0.042; p=0.008) significantly improved, in eyes closed state. Whereas after six weeks intervention of games, delta (0.673+0.029; p=0.013), theta (0.129+0.013; p=0.002), beta2 waves (0.044+0.009; p=0.046), complexity of EEG (0.051+0.042; p=0.016), MMSE (26.25+0.347vs 23.722+0.731; p=0.003), MoCA (25.65+0.310vs 22.00+0.504; p=0.0001), TMT-A (1.429+0.234vs 2.225+0.259; p=0.028) and TMT-B (2.393+0.201vs 3.780+0.195; p=0.0001) improved significantly. These changes were not observed in the control group. Upon comparison of aerobic exercise and Xbox 360 Kinetic cognition games, it was found that aerobic exercise has more short and long-term therapeutic effects on MCI patients as compared to Xbox 360 Kinect cognitive games group. Single session of aerobic exercise significantly decreased the inter-hemisphere coherence, however, it improved intrahemisphere coherence. After single session of aerobic exercise, there was significant decrease in peak amplitude of SEPs in MCI patients, however, no effect on SEPs peak latencies was found. This study suggests that aerobic exercise and Xbox 360 Kinetic cognitive games have dual/2-fold beneficial effect on age associated MCI. First one, the progression of MCI is slowed down significantly. Second, there is evidence of xxiii improvement in the cognitive state of MCI patients. Such intervention for treatment purpose could be helpful to rehabilitate MCI patients in third world countries.
عبدالرزاق قریشی دارالمصنفین میں یہ خبربڑے دکھ اور رنج سے سنی گئی کہ جناب عبدالرزاق قریشی اﷲ کو پیارے ہوئے، ان کی وفات سے نہ صرف اردو زبان و ادب ایک لائق خدمت گزار، بلکہ دارالمصنفین ایک بہت ہی مخلص پرستار سے محروم ہوگیا ہے، ان کے اعزہ نے ان کی وفات کی خبر بڑی تاخیر سے بھیجی۔ معارف کی آیندہ اشاعت میں ان پر ایک تفصیلی مضمون شائع ہوگا، اس وقت توان کی مغفرت کے لیے دل سے دعا نکل رہی ہے۔ (’صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، ستمبر ۱۹۷۷ء)
عبدالرزاق قریشی مرحوم (سیدشہاب الدین دسنوی ) ضلع اعظم گڈھ کی ایک چھوٹی سی بستی بسہہ میں ۳۰؍ جولائی ۷۷ء کو عبدالرزاق قریشی پر ۹ بجے دن کو دورہ پڑا، دو تین قے ہوئی، ۱۲ بجکر دس منٹ پر ’’یااﷲ‘‘ کہہ کر آنکھیں بن کرلیں اور پانچ منٹ بعد یہ خاموش، متین اور سنجیدہ، سادہ مزاج اسکالر اور ادیب اپنے مالک حقیقی سے جاملا، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔ عبدالرزاق قریشی کم عمری میں بمبئی چلے گئے تھے، جہاں میری اور ان کی رفاقت ۴۱ سال تک قائم رہی، ان کا خاندانی ماحول کچھ ایسا حوصلہ افزا نہ تھا، کہ وہ کسی اسکول یا مدرسے کی تعلیم مکمل کرسکتے، اس کے باوجود وہ بمبئی آئے تو اپنے ساتھ پڑھنے لکھنے کا شوق بھی لیتے آئے تشنگی علم انھیں مختلف چشموں تک لے گئی، مگر آخر میں میکدہ شبلی کے اس بادہ خور کو جس ساقی کی تلاش تھی، وہ ۱۹۳۲ء میں پروفیسر نجیب اشرف ندوی مرحوم کی صورت میں نظر آگیا، جو دارالمصنفین چھوڑنے کے بعد پہلے گورنمنٹ کالج احمد آباد، پھر وہاں سے بمبئی کے ایک سرکاری کالج میں اردو کے پروفیسر ہو کر آگئے تھے، اعظم گڑھ کے ہونے کے ناتے اور دبستان شبلی کے خوشہ چیں کی حیثیت سے قریشی صاحب نے...
In this article different era of ╓anaf┘ School of thought is discussed in which it is mentioned that ╓anaf┘ School got the general acceptance among people after the initial three stages of its Origination which lays the foundation of its Evolution and Promotion. First era is known as the era of “ Zahir ul Riw┐yah” renaissance starts from Hazrat Imam Ab┴ ╓an┘fa and moves on up to his disciple Hassan L┴lo’ (204 A.H.). There is no book found under the authorship of Imam Abu Han┘fa but his disciple R┐shid Al Mohammad has written various books. Some famous renowned books under the authorship of Im┐m Muhammad are Al J┐m‘ Alkab┘r (الكبري اجلامع, (Al J┐m‘ Al Sagh┘r (الصغري اجلامع, (Al Siyar Al kab┘r(الكبري السري, (Al Siyar Al Saghir(الصغري السري, (Al Mabs┴t(املبسوط (and Al Ziy┐d┐t(الزايدات.(Second era is known as Mas┐’l-e Naw┐dir. Books like Al-Kais┐niy┐t(كيسانيات َال, (AlH┐r┴niy┐t(اهلارونيات, (Al-Jurj┐niy┐t(رجانيات ُ اجل (and AlRuqiy┐t(ياتَّق َّ الر (are written under the authorship of Imam Muhammad during this era are consists of new topics that are not mentioned in the written books of earlier period.
The present study proposes a theoretical conjuncture between diaspora and ideology. I engage myself conceptually with the idea of diaspora in the current context by putting forth the proclamation that diaspora can be viewed as the agent of constructing trans/national ideology that is transformed and universal. Diaspora is a psychological imbibing of immigrants in new socio-cultural environment that affects immigrants’ ideological construction. Ideology is fundamentally a psychoanalytical relocation/understanding of the way people become part of the social group that forms an ideology. For the purpose of this study, I assume that the operation of ideology in human life primarily involves the psychological process of be/coming human subjects. I also assume that the construction of ideology involves cognition, which entails the psychological process of accepting social individuality and it is human psychology that shapes ideology. In the light of these debates on diaspora and re/constructing and retrans/ formation of ideology, this study attempts to explore psychological relocation of people living in diaspora through the application of Lacan’s psychoanalytical theory. This study attempts to examine and analyze the representations of socio-cultural, national and religious ideological construction in selected literary texts of Pakistani British/American diaspora writers. The purpose of this study is to present an alternative way of analyzing diasporic ideological transformation through applying Lacanian psychoanalytical theoretical framework particularly Lacan’s theory of mirror stage or construction of self identity. Through an analysis of the various nuances of immigrant experiences depicted in the selected literary texts, this study concludes that diasporic displacement is a psychological process of the formation of humans into social subjects. Diaspora is not merely the physical relocation of human beings but also focuses on the psychological repositioning of immigrants in new surroundings.