ڈاکٹراقبال مرحوم
وادریغا!دوسال کی طویل علالت کے بعد اسلام کے مایۂ ناز فرزند ڈاکٹر محمد اقبال نے بتاریخ ۲/اپریل۱۹۳۸ء لاہور میں انتقال فرمایا،اورہماری بزم علم و حکمت کوخالی چھوڑکررہ گزاے عالم جادوانی ہوگئے۔اقبال کاوجود عشقِ رسول کا پیکر تھا، اخیر عمر میں تویہ حالت ہوگئی تھی کہ جہاں’’مدینہ‘‘یا آقائے مدینہ کاذکر آیا اور بے ساختہ رونے لگے۔ ان کی شاعری کے انمول موتیوں کاخزانہ اوراُن کی زبان حقیقت و معرفت ربانی کی ترجمان تھی، ان کاقلب اسلامی سوزوگداز سے معمور اوران کادماغ حب اسلام کے نشہ سے مخمور تھا، وہ اگرچہ انگلینڈ اورجرمنی کی اعلیٰ یونیورسٹیوں کے تعلیم یافتہ تھے لیکن خمستانِ حجاز کی جس بادۂ ہوش افزا کے چند جرعے اُنھوں نے اپنی طفولیت کے ابتدائی دنوں میں لے لیے تھے اس کانشہ کم ہونے کے بجائے دن بدن بڑھتاہی گیا اورنتیجہ یہ ہوا کہ ان کی زندگی سرتاپا اسلامی سوزدگداز بن کے رہ گئی۔ اقبال نے اسلام کے دورعروج وتنزل کابہت عمیق مطالعہ کیا تھا اوران کی شاعری میں اسلام کے روشن مستقبل سے متعلق بہت کچھ اُمید افزا خیالات پائے جاتے ہیں۔ اقبال نے اپنا ترانہ اُس وقت چھیڑا جب کہ ہنگامہ غدر کے اثرات مابعد سے مسلمانوں پرانتہائی جمودوخمود کاعالم طاری تھا اوراُن کے قومی و ملّی احساسات پامال ہوچکے تھے۔ اقبال نے اپنے حیات آفریں نغموں سے اس دل شکستہ قوم کواُبھارا اورزندگی کے احساس سے پھرانہیں بھرپور کردیا۔
ڈاکٹراقبال مرحوم کی وفات حسرت آیات کاصدمہ ہمیں اس لیے بھی زیادہ محسوس ہوتا کہ آں مرحوم میں اورہمارے استاذ حضرت شاہ صاحبؒ میں ایک خاص قلبی ارتباط تھا۔ڈاکٹر صاحب علوم اسلامیہ میں حضرت شاہ صاحب کواپنا مرشد و رہنما جانتے تھے اوردل وجان سے اُن کی عزت کرتے تھے۔چنانچہ خطبات مدراس جو ''The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam'' کے نام سے شایع ہوچکے ہیں ان میں ڈاکٹر صاحب نے حضرت شاہ...
The Prophet (P.B.U.H), born in 571 A.D at Makkah, came to enlighten this world with divine guidance and to transform this world from the clutches of immoralities and sins to pinnacle of piety and ethics. He lived in this world for almost 63 years and brought revolutionary changes which no one even could think of. But this task was not easy, he suffered the most and sacrificed everything to raise and proclaim the words of Allah. He set an example for others to follow. This article is all about his life in Madinah with regard to his dealing with the arch enemies of Islam who were his own natives “The Makkans”. Prophet (P.B.U.H) settled in Madinah and established Islamic society so as to enable everyone to spend life in accordance with the divine guidance. Here, he signed treaty with the Jews created Muakhaat for Mohajirin and Ansars. On the other hand, Makkans could not stand this development. So, they imposed battles on Muslims and Muslims had no options except Jihad. The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) fought many battles with Makkans. However, no innocent was executed during these incidences. This shows the dynamic teachings of Islam. This article gives brief events of these battles besides revelations which came to Prophet in the line of duty to motivate and guide Muslims. It took almost eight years for Prophet to excel Makkans.
Wastewater from agrochemical industries is disposed off without any treatment into nearby water bodies; hence there is a dire need to improve remediation approaches for its removal from environment. It is hypothesized that bacterial strains present in wastewater, after acclimatization, could use Chlorpyrifos (CP) as a sole source of carbon and energy and convert it into less toxic substances, both in free as well as immobilized form. Current study aimed at isolation of bacterial consortium capable of efficient CP biodegradation in mineral salt media (MSM), simulated pesticide wastewater (SWW) and real industrial wastewater (WW) in free and immobilized form. In order to produce environmentally stable immobilization matrix for bacterial consortium, potential of calcium alginate matrix coupled with polysulfone was investigated. Biodegradation potential of bacterial consortium isolated from wastewater and agricultural soil, for CP in MSM, SWW and WW was investigated. Bacterial consortium was immobilized in Calcium Alginate Microspheres (CAMs) and coated with polysulfone to produce environmentally stable macrocapsules (MCs). Bacterial strains were identified using 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence analysis as Pseudomonas kilonensis SRK1 (KT013088), Serratia marcescens SRK2 (KT013089), Bacillus pumilus SRK4 (KT013091), Achromobacter xylosoxidans SRK5 (KT013092) and Klebsiella sp. T13 (KT013093). About 98% CP removal was observed at initial CP concentration of 400 mg/L in 48 h in MSM when free cells were used as consortium. In WW bacterial consortium achieved ~29% removal efficiency of initial CP concentration (545 mg/L). After pH adjustment and addition of glucose in WW >97% CP removal efficiency was achieved in WW. MCs have high thermal, pH and chemical stability than CAMs. Complete biodegradation of CP (100-600 mg/L) was achieved using MCs within 18 h much less than free cells. CAMs and MCs retain >96% residual activity in MSM upto 5 and 13 cycles respectively. In WW >90 residual activity was maintained upto 11batches by MCs. MCs have shown unaltered biomass retention and residual activity (95%) over 16 weeks of storage. GCMS analysis has shown 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2methoxypyridine (TMP) and diethyl-thiophosphate (DETP) as metabolites. MCs have shown considerable benefits over free cells i.e. tolerance for higher CP concentration, complete removal in short duration, reusability, stability, protecting bacterial cells against nontargeted compounds present in wastewater. Study advances potential for field application of immobilized bacteria for biotreatment of pesticide contaminated wastewater.