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Home > Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Their Associated Bacteria and Toxins on the Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Brinjal

Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Their Associated Bacteria and Toxins on the Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Brinjal

Thesis Info

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Author

Hafiz Muhammad Aatif

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2013

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Botany

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/1225

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726034584

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Research was conducted on two important groups of nematodes plant parasitic nematodes (RKNs) and insect parasitic nematodes (entomopathogenic nematodes). Eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) are the most seriously affected by Meloidogyne incognita. Entomopathogenic nematodes i.e. Steinernema glaseri, S. asiaticum, Heterohabditis indica and H. bacteriophora were evaluated at different time of application against M. incognita for invasion, development and reproduction of M. incognita. In a life cycle study, S. asiaticum and H. bacteriophora were proved more effective in influencing the life cycle of RKNs at all application times than S. glaseri and H. indica. However application of entomopathogenic nematodes before application of M. incognita proved more effective than with and after the application of root knot nematodes. S. asiaticum and H. bacteriophora delayed penetration of nematode juveniles (J2) into roots of brinjal. Cells and toxins of and Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. proved nematoxic to M. incognita. Higher concentrations of bacterial cells suspensions and toxins were more effective in suppression of hatching of eggs and immobilization of juveniles than the lower concentrations. Percentage inhibition of eggs and juvenile’s immobilization of M. incognita increased with increase in concentration. At concentration of 4x10 7 cells/ml, Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. cell suspensions completely prevented egg hatching of M. incognita at 48 hrs exposure time. Bacterial cell suspensions and bacterial toxins equally inhibited egg hatching and immobilized juveniles. Bacterial cell suspensions and toxins of Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. caused more than 90% immobilization of juveniles. The persistence effectiveness of bacterial cell suspensions and toxins in soil were evaluated up to 7, 14 and 21 days against M. incognita and determined that Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. were effective in suppressing number of galls, number of females, egg masses and reproduction factors after 7 days of application followed by 14, 21 days of application. The efficacy of bacteria and toxins decreased in the soil over long period of time. These bacteria and their metabolites can be stored in vitro on room temperature up to the period of 5 months. Protective and curative effects of Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. and their toxins on root-knot nematodes were also studied on nematode development parameter, number of females and reproduction factors. All treatments proved effective as comparedto the control. Protective effect of Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. and their toxins at standard concentrations were more effective in controlling the number of females and reproduction factor of root knot nematodes than their curative effect. Compatibility and the combined action of bacteria (Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp.) and toxins with bio-products (abamectin, emamectin and azadirachtin) against M. incognita were also evaluated. The results of the study showed that the combined use of bacterial cell suspensions and abamectin significantly reduced the population of M. incognita and have synergistic effect with each other.
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پروفیسر محمد رضوان علوی

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پروفیسر ڈاکٹر حافظ محمد رضوان علوی چند روز کی شدید علالت کے بعد ۲۰؍ جنوری کو لکھنو میں انتقال کرگئے، ان کا آبائی وطن کاکوری تھا جو ضلع لکھنو کا ایک مردم خیز قصبہ ہے۔ کاکوری کا علوی خاندان علمی، دینی اور ادبی حیثیت کے ساتھ ہی دنیاوی وجاہت میں بھی ممتاز تھا، یہاں بہت سے اہل علم و کمال پیدا ہوئے۔ اردو کے مشہور نعت گو شاعر محسن کاکوروی اور مولوی نورالحسن نیر صاحب نورالغات اسی آسمان کے مہروماہ تھے۔
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ان کو درس و تدریس کے ساتھ تحریر و تصنیف کا بھی ملکہ تھا، اردو عربی اور انگریزی تینوں زبانوں پر قدرت تھی۔ ان کی کتابوں میں ’’علوم و فنون عہد عباسی میں‘‘ اور ’’دمشق اسلامی تہذیب کا گہوارہ‘‘ مقبول ہوئیں۔ ان کی علمی خدمات کی بنا پر صدر جمہوریہ ہند نے انہیں توصیفی سند بھی عطا کی تھی۔
لکھنو کی علمی، تعلیمی اور ادبی سرگرمیوں سے بھی سروکار رکھتے تھے۔ ان میں علمی و انتظامی دونوں طرح...

Negotiating the Pre-9/11 Muslim Identity in Reluctant Fundamentlist and Home Boy

This paper critically analyses pre-9/11 diasporic identity of Muslims living in the US as immigrants or expatriates depicted in The Reluctant Fundamentlist (TRF) and Home Boy (HB) authored by minority outgroup Muslims (MO). The pre-9/11 identity and image of Muslims has exacerbated from erotic, primitive, barbaric, ignorant, close-minded and semicitizen to maddened, fundamentalist, blood-thirsty and terrorist after the attacks. The study attempts a textual analysis of the novels in the light of Rosenau’s model (2003) of diasporic acculturation process and social identity theory (ST). Given this stereotyping, this study endeavours to dissect the pre-9/11approach Muslims immigrants adopt to negotiate their religious identity in the hostland: whether they are fanatic and diehard separatist or they are moderate and assimilative into the enlightened values of the West. Opposite to popular assumptions, the protagonists have been found very much assimilative and adoptive to the host culture and also adhere to their homeland culture as well.

Academic Balanced Scorecard: A Proposed Framework of Performance Evaluation for General-Public Sector Universities in Pakistan

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