Many pathogenic bacteria and fungi have been reported for causing numerous cases of diseases, illness, and various disorders which have been of important concern to public health. Commercial antimicrobial drugs have been used for combating infectious diseases for past few decades but there are many drawbacks regarding indiscriminate use of antimicrobial drugs including drug resistance, need for long term therapy, relatively high cost and treatment failure. So , there is increasing efforts in finding safer and alternative means to reduce microbial growth. Plants derived natural products are big source of therapeutic drugs for treating various health disorders, acting as potential alternates to antibiotics against infectious diseases. EOs has been known for many decades for their biological activities and are widely used for different functions such as bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal, insecticidal and pharmaceuticals. Antimicrobial activities of EOs results in the screening of a wide range of plant species and their unique biologically active compounds. Mostly EOs consist of chemical components such as terpenoid including monoterpenes, sequiterpenes and their oxygenated derivatives. The study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activity of some indigenous essential oils (EOs) extracted by hydrodistillation from spices such as Cuminum cyminum, Amomum subulatum, Cinnamomum verum, Syzygium aromaticum and citrus peels such as Citrus sinensis against Eschericia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, multi drug resistant S. aureus (MDRSA) clinical isolates, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans by performing the disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in vitro and in vivo wound healing activity and antibacterial effect of EOs were studied in rabbits infected with S. aureus and treatment was done at infected site immediatly with EOs. The phytochemical characterization of indigenous EOs and chemical composition of EOs were analyzed by TLC and GC/MS. The antibacterial activities of the components of indigenous EOs were analyzed by TLC-Bioautography. Indigenous EOs showed significant antibacterial activity against all microbial species tested but the highest antibacterial activity was showed against Gram positive bacteria, S. aureus, which was highest by the EO of C. verum with inhibitory zones (34±2.0 mm). In case of Gram negative bacteria such as E. coli, the widest spectrum of antibacterial activity was exhibited by EO of C. sinensis (34±1.5 mm). The results of the antifungal activities indicatedthat volatile EOs were more effective against fungi as compared to bacteria and C. albicans was more susceptible as compared to A. flavus. The EO of C. sinensis had excellent inhibitory activity with the biggest zone of inhibition (55±0.5 mm) against C. albicans and also against A. flavus with wide inhibition zone (53.6±0.8 mm). Results indicated that EOs showed much greater inhibitory activity as compared to the positive control. The result of MICs of indigenous EOs showed that C. sinensis EO was most effective in inhibiting the growth of both bacteria and fungi i.e. E. coli and C. albicans, showing the lowest MIC of 0.0007±0.0001 mg/ ml and 0.0007±0.0006 mg/ ml. Wound healing activity showed that rabbits treated with indigenous EOs showed significantly efficient wound healing activity after 4- 8 days of S. aureus infection depending on the concentration of indigenous EO applied as compared to antibiotic used. Most efficient healing was showed by C. verum EO and C. sinensis EO, which not only healed wound completely after 4 days of infection with dose of 1.5 mg/ml of EOs applied topically only once, but also caused remarkable decreased in viable S. aureus count after 6 days from 7.4×10 6 cfu to 7.6×10 5 cfu and 7.5×10 6 cfu to 7.3×10 5 cfu respectively. GC/MS analysis of indigenous EOs depicted that C. cyminum EO contained Cuminaldehyde 11.5% and ɣ-Terpinene 15.48 %, A. subulatum EO contained major component eucalyptol 5.2 %, C. verum EO contained t-cinnamaldehyde 4.3 % and C. sinensis EO showed that dipentene 0.62 % as a major component was present. These major components of indigenous EOs were confirmed by TLC- bioautography, using microbial culture i.e. E. coli, B. subtilis, S. typhi, S. aureus, MDRSA-1 and MDRSA-2 and it was confirmed that they were bioactive components responsible for the antimicrobial activity by showing zone of inhibition against microorganisms on TLC plate which were comparable by reference standards having similar Rf value. It was concluded that EOs extracted from indigenous plants showed more effective antimicrobial activity against microorganisms in vitro as well as in vivo as compared to the positive and negative control. Chemical composition of indigenous EOs by GC/ MS provided good source for isolation and identification of bio active components. TLC- Bioautographic assay proved efficient method for confirming the presence of bioactive compounds against test bacterium indicating. Hence, EOs proved to be the good substitute of antibiotics against test microorganisms.
پروفیسر سید ضیاء الحسن ندوی سخت افسوس ہے کہ پروفیسر سید ضیاء الحسن ندوی ۲۰؍ جنوری ۲۰۰۳ء کو حرکت قلب بند ہو جانے سے وفات پاگئے، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون، وہ دارالعلوم ندۃالعلما کے بڑے لایق اور ہونہار فرزندوں میں تھے، ندوہ سے فراغت کے بعد انہوں نے جدید تعلیم حاصل کی پھر جامعہ ملیہ اسلامیہ کے شعبہ عربی میں لکچرر ہوئے اور ترقی کر کے پروفیسر اور صدر شعبہ ہوئے، اس وقت فیکلٹی آف ہیو مینٹیز اینڈ لینگویجز کے ڈین بھی تھے، جدید اور ماڈرن عربی میں ان کو مکمل دست گاہ تھی، ’’مہجری ادب‘‘ پر ان کی ایک کتاب بھی شایع ہوئی ہے اور بیرون ملک کے جراید و رسائل میں ان کے مضامین بھی چھپتے تھے، عربی زبان پر اچھی قدرت ہی کی وجہ سے انڈین کونسل فارکلچرل ریلیشنس کے سہ ماہی عربی رسالہ ثقافتہ الھند کے اڈیٹر مقرر کیے گئے تھے اور اس کا ایک ضخیم اور شان دار نمبر مولانا سید ابوالحسن علی ندوی پر نکالا تھا۔ مولانا علی میاں اور دارالعلوم ندوۃالعلما سے ان کا بڑا گہرا تعلق تھا، دارالعلوم کے کاموں میں نہایت سرگرم اور پیش پیش رہتے تھے، اس کی مختلف کمیٹیوں کے ممبر بھی تھے، عالمی رابطہ ادب اسلامی کے بھی رکن تھے، اس کے اجلاس میں بڑے شوق اور دلچسپی سے شریک ہوتے تھے اور اس کے لیے متعدد بیرونی ملکوں میں بھی تشریف لے گئے، مولانا سید محمد رابع ندوی ناظم ندوۃالعلما کو ان پر بڑا اعتماد تھا، ان سے اور ان کے چھوٹے بھائی مولانا سید محمد واضح ندوی سے بہت گھلے ملے رہتے تھے، علمی صلاحیتوں کے ساتھ ان میں انتظامی خوبیاں بھی تھی۔ مرحوم بڑے مرنجاں مرنج، وسیع المشرب اور طبعاً شریف اور خوش مزاج تھے، ہر ایک سے خندہ روئی سے ملتے، اپنی نیکی، وضع داری، اخلاص اور علم دوستی کی بنا...
This article sheds light on the Prophetic biography in Arabic poetry of the Contemporary Prophetic Praise. The poets mentioned in this article have described different events in the life of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). Some poets have focused his life, right from birth to death, while others have discussed different life events. Events like the night journey of Holy Prophet (Laila-tul-Mi’rāj) or hijrah of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) from Makkah to Madinah or ghazwāt (battle fought by the Holy Prophet) could be found. Similarly, some have defended Holy Prophet against false accusations on him.
From the last 3 decades, empirical evidence on employee empowerment and organizational justice perception and their influence on employee work related outcomes such as productive, performance, trust, motivation, organizational citizenship behavior, turnover intensions, organizational commitment prove its significance for management researchers and business organizations alike. However, limited research is devoted on whether or not justice perception can influence the relationship between employee empowerment and organizational commitment of the employees working in banking industry of Pakistan. Hence, this study was conducted to explore the relationship between employee empowerment and organizational justice and the moderating affect of organizational justice on this relationship. For the current study, data was collected from 300 employees serving in public and private banks of Pakistan. Simple linear regression analysis was employed to evaluate the relationship between empowerment and organizational commitment, further, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to test the moderating affect of all dimension of organizational justice i.e distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice on the relationship between employee empowerment and organizational commitment. The result of the regression analysis showed significant positive relationship between empowerment and organizational commitment, and highlights that management practice to empower their employees by providing authority and autonomy would results in enhanced level of employee commitment towards their respective bank. In addition, the evidence that has been concluded from the research findings, firstly indicates that when employees are empowered their commitment and tendency to remain loyal to the organization will also increase. Secondly, when employees of the banks perceives that their input is equal to their output, they are appropriately rewarded for their contribution and they are treated with respect and dignity, such perception results in beneficial behavior of employee towards the bank they worked for and ultimately enhance their level of commitment, absence of fair standards and organization policies would result in negative behavior of employee towards the respective bank. It is clear from the research that all the dimension of empowerment and organizational justice collectively has close association and influencing effect on employees working in banking industry. Besides, perception of distributive justice has been found an important justice dimension that has significant influencing effect when interaction of employee empowerment and organizational justice is under question due to its moderating effects on the positive relationship between employee empowerment and organizational commitment. Based on the research findings, this study has drawn some conclusions, firstly, when employees working in banks feels that their task is meaningful their level of commitment enhanced. Secondly, when employees have been give the right to take decisions in their daily routine work and they are equipped with necessary tools and techniques to perform their job effectively, their commitment escalate towards the bank they work for. Thirdly, when management of the banks engender fair and just procedures and create an environment where employees perceives that they are treated in just manner and the rewards they are getting are equal and balanced with their peers , their level of organizational commitment enhances