خلیج نغمہ
غروب آفتاب کے بعد ہم بس میں سوار ہوئے تو رہبر نے عربی زبان میں اعلان کیا کہ اب ہم خلیج نغمہ جائیں گے ۔کچھ دیر کی مسافت کے بعد ہم خلیج نغمہ کے ایک پر رونق بازار میں تھے ۔خلیج سویز کے کنارے آباد اس خوبصورت قصبے میں عیش و نشاط کے سارے سامان میسر تھے ۔یہاں کسینو ،مساج سنٹراور شراب خانوں کے ساتھ ساتھ ایسے متعدد ہوٹل بھی ہیں جہاں حلال خوراک اور سمندری غذائوں پر مشتمل کھانے دستیاب ہیں ۔ ہوٹلوں کے کارکن گاہکوں کو اپنی طرف راغب کر نے کے نت نئے طریقے اور سلیقے اپنائے ہوئے تھے ۔دکانیں فرعونی تہذیب سے منسلک اشیا ء میں فرعونی مجسموں کی بھرمار تھی ۔قلو پطرہ اور نفرتیتی کے مجسمے کچھ زیادہ ہی تعداد میں تھے جبکہ ابوالھول کے مجسمے تو چوراہوں میں بھی لگے تھے ۔ابوالھول اور قلو پطرہ کے ناموں سے مجھے واقفیت تھی مگر نفرتیتی میرے لیے بالکل نیا نام تھا ۔دکتور محمد علی کہ نفرتیتی فرعون بادشاہ اخناتون کی بیو ی تھی جو بہت حسین و جمیل اور امورِ حکمرانی کا فہم رکھنے والی خاتون تھی ۔مذہب کے حوالے سے بھی اس کی شہرت باقی فرعونی ملکائوں سے مختلف ہے ۔ اخناتون نے جب مذہب تبدیل کیا اور آمون کے خدائوںسے انکار کر کے خدائے یکتا پر ایمان کا اعلان کیا تونفرتیتی نے بھی ان کا بھرپور ساتھ دیا۔تاریخ نفرتیتی کی خوبصورتی کے ساتھ ساتھ اس کے ایک اورعمل سے بھی پردہ اٹھاتی ہے ۔کہا جاتا ہے کہ چشمِ غزال اور دلکش خدو خال رکھنے والی نفرتیتی جنسی عمل میں نت نئے انداز اپنانے کے لیے بھی شہرت رکھتی تھی ۔فرعونیات کے ماہرین کے مطابق دنیا میں ’’اور ل سیکس ‘‘دہن لذتی کی ابتدا ء اس خاتون سے ثابت ہے ۔کہا جاتا ہے کہ اس کے حنوط...
There is major influence of quotes of Sahabaa’h and taa’baeen on Islamic Jurisprudence. A plain study of Fiqh presents the role of tab’aeen and their quotes in method of extraction. There quotes not mere only help us in various matters of virtues, but also in family issues and others. As a matter of fact, a major number of fatawas are based on their quotes or practice as well. Moreover, every school of thought in fiqh narrates their sayings in favour of their vision, I.e. Hanfiya, Shafiya and Malkiya used to narrates their quotes and sayings. Family life is base of any nation or civilization. Books of fiqh also discussed numerous issues of family life and their solutions in the light of Shariaah. In this article a view of tab’aeen’s quotes related to family issues will be discussed. It will support in understanding the importance of their quotes in Islamic Jurisprudence and its compilation. Relevant examples of different school of thought will be discussed from their own books respectively
It is believed by many educationists that the traditional assessment approaches are less effective in students' learning. The contemporary trend in education favours the practice of alternative forms of assessment for improved students' learning outcomes. However, in the context of Pakistan traditional forms of assessment are being practiced in the classroom, which is considered a hindrance towards the holistic development of the learner and for the overall quality education in the country. The main aim of this study was to explore a science teacher's purposes, practices, challenges and opportunities of implementation of alternative assessment, who has participated in AKU-IED's Certificate in Classroom Assessment Course to contribute towards the understanding of implementation of alternative assessments in developing country context and subsequently to improve students' learning. A qualitative case study approach was used to explore the research topic. A primary level science teacher of a community based high school in Karachi, Pakistan was the primary participant, while the vice principal, section head of primary, a science teacher and a group of students of the school, formed the secondary participants. The data was collected through classroom observation, interviews, document analysis, field notes and reflective journal. The study revealed that, the research participant used alternative assessment for variety of purposes such as to enhance students' learning, providing feedback and grading. Questioning was practiced for getting students' attention and promoting thinking skills. Self assessment was used for giving students responsibility of their own learning and performance assessment was practiced to provide students opportunities to demonstrate variety of skills. The opportunities for implementing alternative assessment included teacher's professional development, which developed her basic understanding and skills for planning and implementation of alternative assessment. The skills included developing open ended questions, designing objectives based assessment tasks, setting clear learning targets and criteria which are aligned with her instructions and the provision of clear criteria and rubric based instructions to the students. Moreover, the features such as supportive school culture and autonomy for teacher to develop own syllabus, were seen to facilitate the process of alternative assessment in the classroom. The alternative assessment practices were also seen to facilitate student learning through their involvement in the activities, motivations towards their work and responsibility of their own learning. However, the study also revealed limited use of alternative assessment, such as lack of provision of opportunity for students to improve their work based on timely feedback. The challenges were limited