This thesis presents elevated temperature modeling of the 3rd generation wide bandgap GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs). In AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, Two Dimensional Electron Gas (2-DEG) can be achieved without having a dopant layer, because of the piezoelectric e ect found inherently in GaN semiconductor. This provides an increased saturation velocity and GaN HEMT, therefore, is a considered promising candidate for microwave power applications. In therst part of thesis, an analytical model is developed to predict temperature dependent DC characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. The model comprehensively incorporates, temperature dependent variation in Schottky barrier height,b(T); bandgap discontinuity,Ec(T); sheet carrier concentration of 2- DEG, ns(T); saturation velocity,sat(T) and carriers mobility,(T). It has been shown that by increasing the ambient temperature, there is a decrease inb; an increase in ns; a decrease insat of 2-DEG carriers and a decrease inT . A comparative analysis revealed that the proposed model''s accuracy is at least 30% better than its counterparts. In the second part of thesis, AlGaN/GaN HEMTs AC characteristics are modeled by developing an analytical technique. In the proposed technique, temperature dependent ns(T) of 2-DEG isrst assessed to predict the DC characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. Engaging the modeled DC data and by evaluating depletion layer capacitors, device''s intrinsic small signal parameters are determined. By employing assessed small signal parameters, S-parameters of the device are calculated and their compliance with the measured data ensures the validity of the proposed mechanism. In the third part of thesis, a numerical model to simulate output and transfer characteristics of GaN HEMTs is developed. The model takes into account dependence of output conductance on the device drain and gate bias, and simulates both positive and negative conductance to a good degree of accuracy. Appearance of peak transconductance to a relatively higher negative gate bias is a routinely observed phenomenon in GaN HEMTs, and the proposed model has the ability to simulate such 2nd order e ects with a good degree of accuracy. A comparative study revealed that the proposed model o ers at least 17% improved accuracy compared to other such models reported in literature. The accuracy of the model was also checked at elevated temperature and found signi cantly better than its counterparts. As, the model is based on a single expression, it is therefore easy to handle with and can comfortably be used in computer aided design software to assess the temperature dependent performance of GaN HEMTs for their possible integration into power circuitries.
This article aims to analyze the relationship between Service Quality and Customer Delight and Customer Loyalty at the Fitness Center Business in East Java. This research method This research is an explanatory research. The unit of analysis in this study is the individual. The respondents of this research are members of the Fitness Center in East Java. The population in this study were all fitness members in the East Java region who during 2019-2020 years extended their membership at least twice and were in East Java, especially the Kartosusilo Gate area which includes the cities of Gresik, Bangkalan, Mojokerto, Surabaya, Sidoarjo and Lamongan. The number of sufficient samples is 365 respondents. The results show that Service Quality has no significant effect on customer delight. This is because with standard equipment and services, members feel happy. Likewise, the characteristics of the majority of fitness center members are individuals who feel quite happy with the situation and conditions provided by the manager, thereby indicating that the Service Quality at the current Fitness Center business in East Java has not been able to encourage an increase in customer delight. The results of this study also show that Service Quality has a significant effect on Customer Loyality, thus Service Quality at the current Fitness Center business in East Java can encourage the increase in Customer Loyality. Given the large role of service quality on customer loyalty, it is recommended that companies always maintain and improve service quality at the Fitness Center business in East Java.
This has always been the dream of development thinkers, academicians, researchers and policy makers to contribute in materializing the goal of sustainable development with maximum possible equity. A series of development programs have been launched in different regions of the country to materialize this dream. Now it has become a challenging question whether such initiatives are really contributing in the welfare of masses and if so, what sort of policy messages can be taken from such success stories? In this connection, the fundamental objective of this study was to empirically investigate the impact of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Community Development Program (AJKCDP) in multidimensional perspectives. This program was established to directly address the key issues for rural poverty reduction through empowering the community organization to assume the responsibility and ownership for decentralized planning and implementation of development activities. Both secondary and primary data was collected for analysis, for the objectives and thus for extracting meaningful results. The entire AJK was the universe of the study and a sample of 560 respondents was snapped by employing multistage stratified purposive random sampling technique. Four districts were selected from where both male and female respondents who were registered (70 percent) and non-registered (30 percent) were surveyed from selected villages in each of the districts. Data was gathered from the field through personal interviews by using a properly constructed interview schedule. Empirical analysis was operated by using different analytical techniques. There has been xxiii substantial difference in the trend of education profile of registered and nonregistered members from the base year (2003-04) to current year (2013-14). FGT measure of poverty was applied for estimating incidence, depth and severity of poverty in absolute and relative framework. There has been decrease in incidence poverty by 6 percent among the registered members but there was slight increase in depth of poverty. Similarly, the increase in relative incidence of poverty among members was 3 percent less than non-members. Relative depth of poverty has been decreased substantially showing the positive impact of developmental interventions as during the base year around 13 percent boost in income was required to come out of poverty. Now only 7 percent coverage is required. Inequality among the poor has also been reduced more among registered members than non-registered. There are varying reflections of incidence, depth and severity of poverty in different districts of AJK. Beside unidimensional poverty, multidimensional deprivation was also quantified for all registered and nonregistered members of AJKCDP under different arbitrary weight arrangements. Most of such empirics clearly demonstrate the fact that multidimensional poverty was reduced in a higher proportion among the members as compared to nonmembers except in Muzaffarabad. Health dimension has been emerged as the leading contributor in multidimensional poverty as health poverty increased almost in all districts of AJK. Had there been health related initiatives, the fall in multidimensional poverty would have been higher. Probability expressions were modeled with the aid of Logit to check correlates of poverty in the area. Education, cultivated area, assets, employment status, jobs of females, household size and the livestock are going to increase the probability of decrease in poverty. It is xxiv recommended that the success stories of this program should be replicated with great care as area specific interventions are more workable than initiatives in one stroke across the whole valley. One key policy message states that no intervention can be sustainably workable and highly successful in improving the welfare of the masses until health related issues are addressed in conjunction with other initiatives. It has been proved empirically that women‟s participation in economic activities plays a pivotal role in reducing poverty. Gender friendly policies are highly beneficial particularly in the remote regions. Health and education related infrastructure should be improved by involving the local community and by inviting private sector through the foundation of corporate social responsibility.