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Home > Emerging Trends and Challenges in the Use of Icts for Better Access to Agricultural Information in the Punjab, Pakistan

Emerging Trends and Challenges in the Use of Icts for Better Access to Agricultural Information in the Punjab, Pakistan

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Raza, Hammad

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Agricultural Technology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11402/1/Muhammad%20Hammad%20Raza%20%20_Agri%20Ext_2019_UAF.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726051591

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Being informed about agricultural innovations is imperative for farmers to cope with complex challenges of farming. Information dissemination from research to farmers is an integral phenomena to lead technological awareness among farmers. Therefore, access to timely and accurate information is a need of farmers to become aware of the latest agricultural information for agricultural development. There are different information sources including traditional and modern media being utilized by farmers to nurture themselves with updated information. Among traditional sources, fellow farmers, extension field staff, radio and TV are more prominent as perceived by farmers. However, information received through these sources is considered partially effective and surrounded with constraints of cost, broadcasting, efficacy and relevancy. Inception of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) rendered a new horizon to the information dissemination process bearing potential of sharing information among large communities in no time. This esteemed technology reduces the cost and enhances the access and efficacy ultimately. With the passing moments, users of these technologies are uprising. integration of ICTs in extension services could uplift the standards of services and access to information as compared to traditional sources. However, farmers may be facing many challenges in the use of these ICTs because of illiteracy or other factors. Therefore, it was considered essential to investigate the emerging trends and challenges in the use of ICTs and training needs of the users. For this purpose, a total of 400 respondents were selected through simple random sampling technique from two districts of the Punjab province. Data were collected through face to face interviews. Collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). According to the findings regarding information sources, fellow farmers (71%) and mobile (60.3%) were prominent while websites, helplines and newspapers were least choices. Possession of ICTs appeared varied, however, mobile phones at highest possession and extensive utilization (mean=4.61). Use of websites, helplines, internet and computers was negligible. Awareness of ICT based services appeared average, however, information on crop production, protection, marketing, weather updates and livestock management was preferably accessed by farmers. Moreover preference of mobile phone was unveiled dominating (mean=3.86) because of being more effective as better agricultural information source (mean=4.17), source of improving farming skills (mean=4.12), source of accurate information (mean=3.96), better communication (mean=4.05) and timely information (mean=4.32,) as compared to all other ICT tools. Effectiveness of other tools was restricted due to extensive cost (mean=3.75), inadequate education (mean=3.65) and accessibility to internet (mean=3.23). Study further highlighted highest training needs of farmers regarding use of helplines, internet, websites (mean=3.21) and computers (mean=2.83). Study summarized that overall use of ICTs was below average except mobile phone. It can be stated that ICTs have a great potential which has not been achieved so far. There existed negative relationship between age of respondents and use of internet, computer, social media, landline phone, agri. helpline and agri. website for obtaining agricultural information. Furthermore, a significant positive relationship was found between education of farming community and use of various ICTs. Pearson correlation coefficient shows significant and negative relation between age of farmers and their preference to TV and agri. helpline for obtaining agricultural information in future. In addition, a significant positive relationship was found between education of farming community and future use of various ICTs.
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مل گئی یک مشت ان کو راحتِ دنیا و دیں


مل گئی یک مُشت اُن کو راحتِ دنیا و دیں
جن کی قسمت میں مدینے کی فضائیں ہو گئیں

نورِ ’’اقرا‘‘ کی ضیائیں ساتھ ساتھ آنے لگیں
جلوتوں میں آگئے جب غار کے خلوت نشیںؐ

صبحِ طیبہ میں بسی ایمان کی تابندگی
شامِ طیبہ میں نہاں ہے راحتِ قلبِ حزیں

بندگانِ ربِّ کعبہ کی یہی ہے بندگی
جس جگہ پہ نقشِ پائے مصطفی ہو خم جبیں

آسمانِ معرفت کی اُس کو رفعت مل گئی
مل گئی جس شخص کو طیبہ میں بس دو گز زمیں

بربطِ تخلیق کی آوازِ ہست و بود میں
خلقتِ نورِ محمدﷺ ہے صدائے اوّلیں

آپؐ کے دم سے جہانِ آب و گل میں تازگی
چہرئہ ارض و سما ہے آپؐ کے دم سے حسیں

خوبیٔ رفتار سے آگے مقامِ مصطفیؐ
وسعتِ پرواز کی حد سدرہ سے آگے کہیں

والہانہ اہلِ الفت کی نگاہوں نے کہا
چودھویں کے چاند سے ہے آپؐ کا چہرہ حسیں

مدحتِ ممدوحِ ربؐ کی وسعتوں کے سامنے
لفظ کے دامن میں تنگی کے سوا کچھ بھی نہیں

ہیں امامِ انبیاؐ ، اقصیٰ کی شب ، بدرالدجیٰ
مقتدی ہے ماہِ کنعاںؑ کی ادائے دل نشیں

شافعِ محشرؐ کے ابرو کا اشارا ہو گیا
مل گئی اُنؐ کی شفاعت سے ہمیں خلدِ بریں

کس طرح اُن کو ہو عرفانِؔ خدائے لم یزل
جن کو محبوبِ خداؐ کی ذات سے اُلفت نہیں

رتن ہندی کے دعوی صحابیت کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Ratan Hindi was born in the Indian side of the Punjab in the 6th AH. He claimed that he had met Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH) in Madinah; had accepted Islam in his presence; joined the wedding ceremony of Fatimah (RA) and had also took part in the battle of trench (Ghazwah-e-Khandaq). He also affirmed that his long age was due to the blessings of the Prophet (PBUH) who prayed for his long life. It is also said that he had witnessed the miracle of the splitting of moon in India. The present paper, after proper investigation conducted in the light of original sources, i.e. Ḥadith and its Sciences, books of Rijal and history of Islam prove his claim of Ṣahabiyyat to be false and baseless. It also presents definition of a Ṣahabi (Prophet’s Companion) along with conditions deemed by scholars of Ḥadith for such a position.

Synthesis of Amino Acids by Click Chemistry

This dissertation is about the synthesis of amino acids i.e. L-alanine, D-phenylalanine, D-homoalanine, D-ornithine and D-lysine using Strecker synthesis. For this purpose, different aldehydes were treated with ammonia to synthesize imino derivatives which are treated with aqueous solution of cyanides. The resultant α-aminonitriles are subjected to acidic hydrolysis to form α-amino acids. Furthermore, the synthesis of nickelocene amino acids was then carried out using click chemistry. Moreover, nickelocene is first treated with acetic anhydride in the presence of phosphoric acid then acetyl nickelocene was obtained. After acetylation of nickelocene the compound acetyl nickelocene was reacted with phosphorous oxychloride in the presence of inert atmosphere at 0 °C then an organometallic novel compound of ethynyl nickelocene was synthesized as a precursor for variety of new compounds. To follow the click chemistry methodology this above titled compound ethynyl nickelocene was further reacted with different azides of amino acids like 3-Azido-L-Alanine, 4-Azido-D-phenylalanine, 4-Azido-D-Homoalanine, 5-Azido-D-Ornithine and 6-Azido-D-Lysine in the presence of CuI as a catalyst to obtained nickelocene amino acids. Click chemistry is a synthetic approach in which small building blocks are used or joining two or more than two reagents to make practical and best reliable chemical transformations. In this synthetic approach chemists synthesize the novel compounds and the precursors for further synthesis with greater yield. The applications of click chemistry are numerous especially in drug discovery, combinatorial chemistry, bioconjugation, and research in DNA and proteomics. The use of click chemistry also extended to find structure activity relationship between different chemicals to produce analogue of chemical libraries. There are different types of click reactions performed by the researchers. Here copper catalyzed cyclo-addition reaction was performed to synthesize the novel organometallic compounds. The coupling reactions in which terminal alkynes and azides are taking part and follow the “Copper catalyzed cycloaddition reactions” methodology in click chemistry. The synthesized nickelocene amino acids (organometallic compounds) were characterized by FT-IR, 1HNMR and 13CNMR respectively. Antimicrobial activity of synthesized bioconjugates was also evaluated against various bacterial and fungal strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumonia, Alternaria alternate, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger.