Our study consists of three parts. Part -1 deals with epidemiological study in which one year field survey of 2400 thoroughbred horses at Sahiwal, Lahore, Sargodha and Mandi Baha-ud-Din districts were surveyed revealing the prevalence of strongylosis as 40.83 %, 38.17 %, 43.33 %, and 39.83 % respectively. This study has drawn a compelling evidence that the disease is prevalent thoroughout Punjab province with remarkable overall prevalence of 40.54 %. We further explored that hot and humid environment favours its prevalence, age and sex of the horses has no effect on the prevalence and it is maximum in summer while lowest in winter. This study also demonstrates 79.58 % prevalence of internal parasitism among thoroughbred horses overall at Punjab province. Part -2 deals with study of haematology, serum enzymes and electrolytes on 30 thoroughbred horses suffering from large strongyles infection and treated with piperazine adipate. This study revealed a higly significant (p >0.05) decrease in RBC, Hb, Neutrophil percentage, Na, K and Mg in diseased horses. The decrease in RBCs and haemoglobin exhibited normocytic normochromic anaemia. There was a significant decrease in monocyte percentage in diseased animals. A highly significant (p >0.05) increase in eosinophils, SGPT, SGOT, LDH, and a significant increse in basophils percentage was recorded in diseased horses. No significant increase / decrease (p <0.05) was noted in the levels of TLC, lymphocyte percentage, CPK and Ca in diseased horses. Part 3 deals with therapeutic trials of allopathic and herbal drugs. This study was conducted on 110 thoroughbred horses suffering from large strongyles infestation. Present study revealed that aqueous extract of N. sativa seeds at the dose rates of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight is highly effective and showed 87.50 %, 87.82 % and 88.35 % efficacy 28 days post treatment respectively. Aqueous extracts of F.parviflora arial parts at the dose rates of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight showed 62.74 %, 80.68 % and 81.74 % efficacy 28 days post treatment respectively. Aqueous extracts of Fl. macrophylla arial parts at the dose rates of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight exhibited 66.92 %, 73.38 % and 74.04 % efficacy 28 days post treatment respectively whereas 100 % efficacy rate of piperzine adipate (allopathic drug) at the dose rate of 110 mg/kg body was noted. Among the herbal drugs efficacy was found maximum in N.sativa followed by F.parviflora whereas the lowest with Fl. macrophylla.
آپ ﷺ کی ولادت سے سیدہ آمنہ ؓ کا گھر بقعہ نور بن گیا ۔ عثمان بن العاص ؓکی والدہ فاطمہ ؓ کہتی ہیں کہ میں شب ولادت سیدہ آمنہ ؓ کے پاس تھی ‘ میں نے گھر میں جس طرف بھی نظر دوڑائی مجھے نور ہی نور نظر آیا ۔ صاحب سید الوریٰ بحوالہ علامہ زرقانی بیان کرتے ہیں کہ شفاء بنت عوفؓ جو شب ولادت سیدہ آمنہؓ کے پاس تھیں ‘ کہتی ہیں ’’ میرے لیے مشرق و مغرب روشن ہو گئے ۔‘‘ یہ تمام انوار زمین پر دیکھے گئے جب کہ آسمان سے بھی نور کی برسات ہو رہی تھی ۔ اس منظر کو فاطمہ ؓ یوں بیان کرتی ہیں ’’ میں نے ستاروں کو دیکھا کہ وہ جھکے پڑتے تھے اور مجھے یوں لگتا تھا کہ مجھ پر گر پڑیں گے‘‘ ۔ مزید بحوالہ طبقات ابن سعد اور البدایہ و النہایہ لکھتے ہیں کہ خود سیدہ آمنہ ؓ فرماتی ہیں جب وہ مجھ سے منفصل ہوا تو اس کیساتھ ایک ایسا نور ظاہر ہوا ‘ جس سے مشرق و مغرب روشن ہو گئے ۔ ‘‘ پھر با حوالہ زرقانی ‘ سیرت حلبیہ اور سیرت ابن ہشام لکھتے ہیں ’’ میں نے اس ولادت کی رات کو ایسا نور دیکھا جس کی وجہ سے شام کے محلات ر وشن ہو گئے۔ اور میں نے انھیں دیکھ لیا ۔‘‘ یہاںسوال پیدا ہوتا ہے کہ زمین و آسمان منور ہو گئے ۔ انوار کی برسات کا منظر بی بی آمنہؓ ، فاطمہؓ اور شفا ء کے علاوہ کسی اور کو کیوں نظر نہیں آیا؟ اس کا جواب یہ ہے کہ اللہ تعالیٰ کی مشیت ہے کہ جو چیزیں اللہ تعالی ٰصرف مخصوص لوگوں کو دکھانا چاہے وہ تمام چیزیں حقیقتاََ موجود ہونے کے باوجود عام لوگوں کی نگاہوں سے پوشیدہ رہتی ہیں ۔ قرآن مجید میں...
The Islamic Jurisprudence has given a great importance to the existence of family system of life. That is why the Qur‘ān has described the laws of family life with details in comparison with worship of Allah. In family system of life, marriage has a great importance but marriage is not only essential part of worship. Its purposes one the existence of human generation along with the survival society where there must be modesty and justice but it is only possible if the family system of life is established on everlasting principles. That is why our Islamic Jurisprudence has declared the willingness of both bridegroom and bride and their family more importance in the marriages. Such marriages are always durable and permanent. On the contrary, if there is no willingness of both the bridegroom and bride in marriages. Then such marriages are not durable and permanent. In marriage a girl is a party and the Islamic jurisprudence has given a great deal of importance to her willingness but in pusthoon society, sometimes such marriages are conducted in which the bride concerned has no approval rather she is forced to accept that bond of marriage such marriages are commonly called “Forced Marriages”. The article below is defining the different kinds of forced marriages in vogue and is trying to find out their religious and dogmatic status as well.
This study aims to analyze the political landscape of Pakistan as it exists today and explain its structure, or lack thereof under the monumental changes brought about by the 18th amendment. In this regard, the textual analysis of 1973 constitution specifically, and the 18th amendment as a whole was carried out. Interviews from a selected sample of those directly involved and impacted by the amendment were conducted in order to address the research questions. Thematic analysis of the interview data was done so as to determine the general theme of responses and generate a discussion with respect to the specific research questions. Subsequently the final data was subjected to an ontological and epistemological study, to discover the underlying workings of the 18th amendment. This analysis was then subjected to reliability testing of the sample in order to cross examine the evidence and corroborate key findings of the research. The analysis of the 18th amendment reveals that the document itself is highly conducive to existence of a theoretically perfect model of federalism. The problem lies in the fact that the amendment has to undo decades of damage to the political landscape of Pakistan under the various rulers. Some of this damage is highly intangible in nature, which can only be erased with time. The major hurdles in establishing a grassroot level democratic government, seems to be the political parties in power within the various provinces. Years of autocratic and dictatorial rule has rendered those in charge of these parties unwilling to provide an environment truly conducive to the perfect model of federalism.