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Home > Estimation of Morphological, Biochemical and Genetic Diversity in Pomegranate Punica Granatum L. Germplasm

Estimation of Morphological, Biochemical and Genetic Diversity in Pomegranate Punica Granatum L. Germplasm

Thesis Info

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Author

Nafees, Muhammad

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6993/1/Muhammad_Nafees_Horticulture_UAF_2015.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726094034

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The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an indigenous minor fruit crop of Pakistan, having a long history of cultivation as wild plant in warm temperate Himalayan range of the country; however its production is quite low to meet ever increasing market demand. Sustainable production of high quality pomegranate fruit in the world has been achieved through morpho-genetic characterization and estimation of germplasm diversity which was missing in the country. Thus it is important to estimate morphological, biochemical and genetic diversity of wild and domesticated pomegranate accessions through analysis of separate and combined data of selected wild and domesticated pomegranate accessions to be able to conserve the elite germplasm. Various levels of qualitative and quantitative morphological diversity were recorded in fruits of selected 115 pomegranate accessions. The round shape fruits were dominant in most of the commercial and wild accessions of Rawalakot whereas red color fruits and arils were predominant in wild compared to domesticated accessions. The highest value of CV was estimated in seed hardness (302.91%) followed by yellow green fruit color (215.24%), round oblong fruits (210.33%), slightly bitter arils (209.49%), pink red arils 177.33%) and white pink arils (170.97%) in all selected pomegranate accessions. The red skin color in fruit had a strong correlation (r=0.809) with red arils followed by 0.769 and 0.741% for round fruit stalked end and medium seed hardness, respectively. There was a strong positive association (0.731) of red arils with sourness and a negative correlation (-0.145) with sweetness. The wild pomegranate accessions had high CV (29.07%), for fruit weight followed by 25.61, 24.73 and 20.45% for rind weight, rind thickness and seed weight, respectively, whereas, in domesticated accessions the highest CV of 41.99% was recorded in fruit weight. Fruit weight had a strong correlation (0.79%) with rind weight and a high positive correlation was recorded between wood portion index (WPI) and aril weight in a combined analysis of wild and domesticated accessions. All domesticated accessions had a close association among fruit weight, arils and seeds, whereas the wild accessions, there was a strong association for WPI. The Abbottabad and Rawalakot accessions were highly diverse and varied not only from each other but also from accessions from other regions, whereas accessions of Muzaffargarh and Rahim Yar Khan had high similarities as shown in cluster analysis of qualitative data of all accessions. Wild and domesticated accessions successfully clustered on the basis of similarities of morphological and biochemical traits irrespective to growing regions; however, most of Muzaffargarh, Rahim Yar Khan and Mustong accessions grouped in the same class. Moreover, wild and domesticated accessions grouped in separate classes for biochemical traits while a few Chakwal, Bahawalpur and D.G. Khan accessions clustered with wild accessions for most of the morphological traits. Most of the reported SSR primers (29) in this study were efficient and showed high polymorphism with polymorphic information contents (PIC) ranging from 0.187 to 0.5598 and maximum allele frequency of xviii 0.8579% in all selected wild and domesticated pomegranate accessions. The highest genetic similarity coefficient was 30.7 to 84.76%, 21.76 to 76.78% and 21.76 to 79.88% in wild, domesticated and both wild and domesticated pomegranate accessions, respectively. The domesticated accessions clustered on the basis of genetic similarity irrespective of growing regions while wild accessions sharing common alleles were grouped in the same class based on growing regions. Thus morphological traits showed high diversity in wild accessions compared to domesticated pomegranates whereas, biochemical traits showed high diversity in domesticated accessions. In molecular studies, the SSR primers could serve as potential markers for genetic diversity estimation in Pakistani pomegranates as they proved that the genetic base of our pomegranate germplasm is broad. Molecular diversity was higher in wild accessions compared to domesticated pomegranates. These studies provide basic information for pomegranate breeding programs to develop new cultivars to broader the harvest window of high quality pomegranate fruits in Pakistan.
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شری راجندر ماتھر

شری راجندرماتھر
ہندی روزنامہ ’نوبھارت ٹائمس‘ کے چیف ایڈیٹر شری راجندر ماتھر ۱۱؍ اپریل ۱۹۹۱ء کوصرف ۴۵؍ سال کی عمر میں انتقال کرگئے ۔آنجہانی ماتھر بڑے ہی فراخ دل اورغیر متعصب انسان تھے ۔سیکولرزم کے دلدادہ اورمسلمانوں کے حقوق کے لیے ہمیشہ ہی جدوجہد کرتے رہتے تھے۔رمضان شریف کے عاشق تھے۔ روزہ افطار پارٹیوں میں باوجود بڑی مصروفیتوں کے ضرور جاتے تھے۔ اکثر کہاکرتے تھے کہ مجھے رمضان شریف کاانتظار رہتا ہے ۔کسی کوکیا معلوم تھاکہ اس نیک دل انسان کی موت رمضان شریف ہی میں ہوگی۔
ہندوستان میں مسلمانوں کاکوئی اخبار نہیں ہے جوان کے دکھ درد سب کو سنائے۔مسٹر ماتھر نے نوبھارت ٹائمس کے ذریعہ مسلمانوں کی مشکلات و پریشانیوں کواہلِ وطن تک پہنچایا۔ہر محاذ پر مسلمانوں کادفاع کیا۔مسلمانوں کوہندوستان کی ریڑھ کی ہڈی بتایا ۔فرقہ پرست ہندوؤں کوہمیشہ ہی انہوں نے ڈانٹا۔ واضح ہوکہ ہندی نوبھارت ہندوستان کاسب سے زیادہ کثیرالاشاعت اخبار ہے جس کے پڑھنے والے بھی کچھ ایک چھوڑ کرسب کے سب ہندو ہی ہیں۔ ایسے شریف اور نیک غیر مسلم انسان ومسلم دوست کی وفات سے یقینا مسلمانانِ ہندکو ناقابلِ تلافی نقصان پہنچا ہے۔ [اپریل ۱۹۹۱ء]

مشہور روایت

Hadith is one of the major sources of shariah and Islamic Law. The field of Hadith has been researched since the middle of Umayyad dynasty and many have contributed a lot. However, unlike the Qur’an which has been intensively researched due to the serious observation from the Orientalists, the field of Hadith still needs many decades to clarify the myths and arrive at the reality. The Muslims in general and our society in particular is emotionally attached to Islam but lacks an indepth knowledge. The progress of new means of communication has increased the importance of serious study on the one hand and its proper preaching on the other hand through modern means of communication. Slackness in this regard can lead to serious misconception about Islamic sources of knowledge i.e. Quran’an and Hadith. There are many sayings attributed either to the Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) or Allah (Jalla Jalaluhu) but in actuality they are either sayings of a saint or proverb. Some is the case of the subject cited above which is believed to be a Hadith Qudsi, popular not only among the people of far flung rural areas but also those youth who have easy access to modern means of communication especially internet. The text of the attributed Hadith Qudsi is spread on the social media and many people quote it without any investigation. The present paper is an attempt to clarify the myths about a perceived Hadith; and a probe to analyze and evaluate the authenticity of the text in the light of the principles laid down by the scholars for the study of Hadith.

An Assessment of Major Ozone Depleting Substances Odss and Their Impacts on Climate Change Using Rs/Gis in Lahore, Pakistan

The aim of this thesis is to quantify emissions of selected halogenated refrigerant Ozone Depleting Substances (ODSs) and to make an assessment of some important non-halogenated trace gases, that involve or affect atmospheric O3 chemistry, over megacity Lahore (Pakistan). Ozone Depleting Potential (ODP) and Global Warming Potential (GWP) weighted emissions of halogenated gases such as CFC 11, CFC 12, HCFC 141b and HFC 134a have been quantified in Lahore during 2005-2013. Additionally, anthropogenic emissions, spatial patterns, seasonal variabilities and trends have also been discussed for non-halogenated trace gases such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) by using multi satellite and emission inventories data, and air masses trajectories analyses. To estimate ODP and GWP weighted emissions from Lahore, ODSs emissions have been quantified from production, repair/maintenance, and waste/disposal phases. During these phases the cumulative emissions of CFC 11, CFC 12, HCFC 141b and HFC 134a have been estimated to be 1.48 giga-grams which have contributed 293.3 tonnes of ODP (CFC 11-equivalent) and 1.87 mega-tonnes of GWP (CO2-equivalent). Significant declines in ODP (-8.4% yr-1) and GWP (-7.1% yr-1) have been observed during production phase for the period from 2005 to 2013 largely linked to the implementation of Montreal Protocol (1987) phase out programme. Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) based anthropogenic emissions of CH4 in Lahore have been recognized as the highest with 27% increase compared to the emissions from neighboring megacities Karachi, Delhi and Faisalabad during 2000-2008. SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) retrieved CH4 total column (TC) is found to be increasing at 4% over Lahore during 2003-2012. SCIAMCHY data also indicate a clear seasonality in CH4 TC with the highest column in August, whereas minimum column is observed in April. OMI observations identify Lahore and its surroundings as a prominent hotspot of tropospheric NO2 (tropo- NO2). A significant increase of 65% has been observed in tropo-NO2 column during 2004-2014. AIRS tropospheric CO (tropo-CO) observations indicate that Lahore has the second highest mean value of tropo-CO column in South Asia after megacity Delhi. An increase of 1.2 % is noted for tropo-CO column over Lahore during 2003-2012. July is found with the highest decadal increase of CO at 10.4% followed by August at 4.9%. It is observed that background CO has greater decrease rate of –0.84% yr–1 than the recent emissions at –0.56% yr–1. OMI Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) SO2 observations over Lahore reveal 2.4% yr-1 increase in SO2 during 2005-2014 with the highest monthly mean peak in December. EDGAR anthropogenic CO2 emissions and AIRS mid-tropospheric CO2 concentration show increasing trends at 3.1% yr-1 (during 1990-2008) and 1.8 ppm yr-1 (during 2002-2012) respectively. Satellite data suggest that long-range transport of volcanic SO2 from Jabal Al-Tair (Yemen), Dalaffilla (Ethiopia), Nabro (Eritrea) and Mount Etna (Italy) volcanoes has played a significant role in PBL-SO2 enhancements over Lahore. Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) TOC observations over Lahore show a minor increase at 1.1% yr-1 with the highest monthly mean value in April during 2004-2014. This rise is majorly linked to enhancements in ozone precursors and decline in chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) emissions. This study identifies Lahore as a prominent hotspot of gaseous pollution at regional scale mainly associated with urbanization, industrialization, motorization, large scale crop-residue burning and power generation. The air masses trajectories analyses show that, apart from the transport of gaseous pollution between Lahore and the Indian states of Punjab, it can also be transported from northwestern areas near Pak-Afghan border, Nepal and Arabian Sea.