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Home > Estimation of Tidal Energy Utilizing Different Harnessing Techniques Through Geographical Information System within Creek Area of Indus Delta, Sindh Province, Pakistan

Estimation of Tidal Energy Utilizing Different Harnessing Techniques Through Geographical Information System within Creek Area of Indus Delta, Sindh Province, Pakistan

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Mirza Salman Baig

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Karachi

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Physics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12395/1/Mirza%20Salman%20Baig%20applied%20physics%202019%20uok%20karachi%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726095727

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The global energy demand is currently being met by depleting sources of fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal, etc.). A deteriorating supply and an ever increasing demand have led to a major increase in fuel prices over this decade. Since fossil fuels are diminishing, the effect of this strong dependence is becoming an increasing concern. Energy services bolster the socio-economical development of a country, so a sustainable energy system is essential for the growth of a country’s economy. Regrettably, like many other countries, Pakistan is also facing worse energy crisis. Climate change and energy shortage drive Government of Pakistan to replace traditional sources of energy by alternative energy sources. Electricity generation by tidal sources has an important contribution in reducing environmental pollution, while on the other hand relatively less cost with inexhaustible and highly predictable energy source makes it further appealing. Pakistan has a 1000 kilometer coastline comprising of complex creek networks in Indus deltaic region of the Sindh province, which could be utilized for the installation of tidal plants. However there is no significant data analysis so far and the rationalize thinking, to utilized the freely and existing energy, has been made for this purpose. Therefore the major aim of this research is estimation of tidal energy resources utilizing different harnessing techniques through Geographical Information System (GIS) within the creek area of Indus delta. It is highlighted that there is no research conducted relative to the GIS method in tidal data (both tidal elevation and tidal current) of Sindh region. For this purpose different data sets are collected from different sources such as satellite imageries (Acquired from ESRI), tidal elevation data of six different locations and tidal current data of twelve different locations (Both acquired from Hydrography Department, Pakistan Navy) and incorporated into GIS environment to develop digitized layers and maps. Geostatistical Analysis tool is applied to analyze different interpolation methods to predict tidal data (both tidal elevation and tidal current) at un-observed locations and between these methods, Ordinary Kriging method is chosen for interpolation. Four models are compared for tidal elevation data : (i) Stable (ii) Circular (iii) Spherical and (iv)Exponential and four different models have been compared for tidal current data : (i) Stable (ii) Circular (iii) Exponential and (iv)K-Bessel . These models are compared, evaluated and cross-validated for selection of finest model for predictions of data at un-known locations. Power density maps are generated from selected model and based on these maps and suitable bathymetry three potential sites are selected for tidal range technology plants (Total estimated output power from these sites using VETT turbine is 358.29 MW) and thirteen site are selected for marine current technology farms (Total estimated output power from these sites using Verdant Power turbine is 2754.7MW).
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گلوبلائزیشن: تعارف, محركات اور مقاصد

The humanity witnesses a strange international phenomenon called the Globalization which endeavors to make an intellectual unification in the sphere of norms — education, social, economic and politics. 77m carries a strong challenge for the Muslim societies across the world. Through a focus on the educational, cultural, economical and politiiclal spheres and to employ the devices of communication — media and the internet. The world has shrunk into a small village which is diminishing the geographical, historical, political and educational boundaries. The world is undergoing the transition in materialistic and educational values and principles which are not accorded as per the Islamic values. Through media and interactive modes of communication. Hence, it becomes necessary to examine all aspects of this subject to be on a firm position of this transformation to preserve and safeguard our Muslim identity. In this context, the concept of globalization by Muslim and western scholars and its impact on globalization are discussed along with some proposals in order to cope with the negative effects of globalization in the Muslim societies.

Development of an Evaluation Model for Bs 4 Years Program at University Level

During the recent years, rapid advancement in the field of science and technology has demanded changes in the existing curricula for degree programs currently offered by various universities of the country. The trends in education have changed rapidly over the few years on the international scene. The government of Pakistan has shown a keen interest in making rigorous changes in degree programs to remove all discrepancies with the international standard. BS (Bachelor of Studies) 4-Year was therefore established in 2002 in accordance with the recommendations of the higher education commission and the national curriculum revision committee. BS 4-Year program was therefore, established in 2002 in accordance with the recommendations of the Higher education commission and the national curriculum revision committee. BS 4-Year is an absolutely new program, initiated with the aim of preparing the students of Pakistan to compete with other students at international level. Most of the universities in Pakistan are offering BS 4- Year Program in the disciplines of basic sciences, social sciences and languages. Still far as no study has been done to evaluate BS 4-Year Program, the researcher selected this particular topic. The present study was delimited to BS 4-Year Program in the subject of Education. The main objective of the study was to develop an evaluation model for BS 4-Year Program in the Subject of Education. The sample of the study comprised four (4) public universities of the Punjab, where the BS Education program was functional at the time of commencement of the present research work. The majority of permanent university teachers fifty three (53) (male & female) from the Department of Education and three hundred and twenty-nine (329) students (male & female) studying in different semesters of BS 4-Year program in Education from the sample universities were taken as the sample. The Students’ sample was selected by using Stratified random sampling technique. As research tool, questionnaires for teachers and students were prepared separately and administered to the respective samples and analyzed. Moreover, an opinionnaire for teachers about instruction, teaching practice and assessment components was also designed, administered and analyzed. The collected data were analyzed by using percentages, means, z–test, product-moment correlation and factor-matrix. The researcher also carried out document analysis for the review of curriculum content. As far as the conclusions of the study were concerned, it was found that on maximum components of the rating scale (Questionnaire), teachers and students showed their satisfaction. However, on a few points regarding dissatisfaction were also observed. So, after evaluating the components of BS Education 4-Year Program, an evaluation model for BS 4 Year program in education was designed by keeping in view Stufflebeam CIPP evaluation model.