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Evaluation of Biochar As a Carrier Material of Antagonistic Rhizobacteria for the Management of Root Pathogenic Fungi of Chickpea

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Jahan, Muhammad Shah

Program

PhD

Institute

Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University

City

Rawalpindi

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Plant Pathology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10087/1/Muhammad%20Shah%20Jahan_Plant%20Pathology_2018_PMAS_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726113797

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Root diseases either soil or seed borne poses serious implications on seed germination and subsequently plant growth and development. The attack of root diseases in earlier stages of the crop completely destroys the crop resulting in unrecoverable losses. Biological control offers great potential to resist the pathogenic microbes to develop in rhizosphere subsequently reducing the attack. However persistency and sustainable number of biological control agent must be there to fight against the pathogens. In this study we determined the biochar as a carrier of antagonistic rhizobacteria and how much effective biochar is in sustaining the bacterial count in the rhizosphere and also during storage. We further determined the effect of biochar on root nodulating factors that are being altered by biochar alone and also with bacterial inoculant. This study was initiated with survey to determine the prevalence, incidence and severity of major fungal root pathogens infecting chickpea crop in major chickpea growing areas of Punjab i.e. districts Layyah and Bhakkar. Surveys were conducted during year 2013-14 and 2014-15 in the months of November to March. From each district twenty areas and three fields from each area were visited making total 120 fields. Results revealed 100% prevalence of root diseases in every single field and average highest incidence in Layyah was 60.05% and in Bhakkar it was 57.5%. The minimum and maximum incidence in Layyah and Bhakkar was 52%-72%, 48%-76% and 48%-76%, 50%-70% during 2013-14 and 2014-15 respectively. Disease severity ranged from 1-4 in almost every area/field visited. Collected samples retrieved five fungal pathogens and the most frequent was F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, with average highest frequency of 88.5% followed by M. phaseolina and Verticillium spp. with 46.5% and 24.5% respectively. Results xxii elucidated that fungal pathogens associated to roots of chickpea pose serious implications on growth and productivity of chickpea. The rhizobacteria i.e. Paenibacillus illinoisensis Rh-31 and Mesorhizobium ciceri antagonistic to fungal pathogens were inoculated to several biochar (Wheat straw (WS), Sheesham wood (SW), Sugarcane bagasse (SB) and Acacia wood (AW)) and their concentration was investigated at regular intervals of 30 days till 180 days. Highest bacterial count (cfu/g) was obtained with SB biochar even after 180 days. It was noticed that biochar held much more bacterial cells as compared to peat and pH of the carrier material seemed to be the key factor in determining the ability of compound to serve as carrier. The impact of carrier materials on disease and plant growth was studied under greenhouse conditions. SB Biochar with rhizobacteria showed significant results in decreasing the disease incidence and increasing plant growth. The effect of biochar on nodulating genes was studied by qPCR and it was noticed that expression of all genes was upregulated in real time PCR and synergistic treatments (Mesorhizobium ciceri + SB biochar) plants showed noteworthy difference from non-inoculated and independently treated with rhizobia and biochar plants. Further testing of biochar under field conditions also showed better growth as compared to non-treated plants. Therefore on the basis of results it is concluded that sugarcane bagasse biochar can be used as a good carrier material of bacterial inoculant for long term storage and also for application in the field.
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کے ۔ایل۔ گابا

ایل۔کے۔گابا
افسوس ہے کہ ایک دن کے فرق سے یعنی۲۴اور۲۵/اکتوبر کوبمبئی میں دو ممتاز شخصیتوں مسٹر ایل۔کے۔گابا اورپروفیسر اصغر علی فیضی کا انتقال بیاسی برس کی عمر میں ہوگیا۔اوّل الذکر اصلاً پنجابی ہندواورلاہور کے نامی گرامی بیرسٹر تھے تقسیم کے بعد ہندوستان آکر بمبئی میں مستقل سکونت اختیارکرلی تھی ادھر ایک مدت سے گمنام تھے، لیکن ایک زمانہ تھاجب انھوں نے اسلام قبول کیااورایک مسلمان خاتون سے شادی کی اورپھراس کے بعداسلام کی حمایت میں نہایت پُرزور مضامین لکھے اور جگہ جگہ تقریریں کیں۔ اُس زمانہ میں اُن کانام بچہ بچہ کی زبان پر تھا۔ انگریزی کے بڑے اچھے انشاپرداز تھے۔اسی زمانہ میں رسوائے زمانہ کتاب مادرہند (Mother India)کاانھوں نے دندان شکن جواب لکھا جس کا بڑا چرچا ہوا، آنحضرت ﷺ پران کی کتاب(Prophet of The Desert) بھی بہت مشہور ہوئی۔ [نومبر۱۹۸۱ء]

 

الرهبانية المسيحية والتصوف الإسلامي و تاثيرهما على الجوانب المختلفة للحياة الإنسانية: دراسة تحليلية من منظور إسلامي

 Impact of Christian Monasticism and Islamic Mysticism on Various Aspects of Human Life: An Analysis from Islamic Perspective The science of Islamic belief "علم العقيدة" has been considered as most significant disciplines among different branches of knowledge as it played an essential, rather cardinal role in human life. This scholarly work intends to look into development of Monasticism in Christianity and Mysticism in Islam in different phases and its impact upon human life. Qualitative and descriptive research methodology has been applied for analysis of data. The research has particularly addressed four noteworthy aspects of the theme: firstly, Historical development of Monasticism in Christianity, secondly; Development of monastic tendencies in Islamic mysticism thirdly; Reflections of Monasticism upon various aspects of human life, and finally; Analysis of Monasticism in the light of Quran and Sunnah. The review of literature disclosed that monasticism is one of the main contributions of Christianity which later on influenced Islamic mysticism. Through centuries of contact it has left an immense influence upon Muslim societies which has changed the real picture of Islam. In the beginning, it was considered the source of self-purification but unfortunately lately it has developed into more mundane phenomenon. Recently it has been utilized as a source of income for spiritual masters and has produced complex mixture of superstitions for the community. Despite of that it has been argued that the real form of Mysticism could not be overlooked thus the Islamic mysticism has been divided into three categories by Muslim scholars: legislated (شرعي), heresy (بدعي), and infidelity (كفري). In this short paper the main focus will be on the impact of Christian monasticism on Islamic Sufism in general and that of Islamic Sufism on social life in particular.

عرب ممالک کی حالیہ انقلابی تحریکوں کے اسباب و محرکات اور اسلامی دنیا پر اس کے اثرات

Current Revolutionary Movements in Arab Countries, Their Causes and Effects on Islamic World The study aims to highlight the grounds, causes and effects of the current revolutionary movements in Arab countries and their role around the world. Numerous Islamic countries are being familiarized thoroughly with their forms of governments, laws and customs. Similarly great rulers are also unveiled in this research with the help of qualitative research. It was stately investigated how the Islamic movements in Arab countries played their role in proliferation of terrorism, political gains and personal developments. Differentiation between terrorism and Jihad is also significantly done in this study to make the people understand between the two.