CERES-Wheat model was used to study the simulations of development, growth and yield of wheat at different sowing dates, nitrogen rate and irrigation levels recorded at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 2010-11 and 2011-12. Experiment-I comprised of three levels of fertilizer (80, 120 and 160 kg N ha-1) in main plot and six different levels of irrigation at critical stages in sub-plots (Irrigation at Tillering, Stem Elongation, Booting and Grain Formation; Irrigation at Stem Elongation, Booting and Grain Formation; Irrigation at Tillering, Stem Elongation and Grain Formation; Irrigation at Tillering, Stem Elongation and Booting; Irrigation at Tillering and Stem Elongation, and Irrigation at Stem Elongation and Booting). Experiment-II comprised of two sowing dates (15th November and 15th December) in main plots and four irrigation levels at different levels of potential soil moisture deficit (Full Irrigation, 45mm, 60mm and 75mm PSMD) in sub plots. Experiment was conducted in RCBD with split plot arrangement, having 20 cm row spacing, 125 kg ha-1 seed rate, Sahar-2006 test cultivar and replicated thrice. Results showed that Full irrigation and 120 kg nitrogen ha-1 produced maximum yield. Net profit and benefit cost ratio was maximum in Full irrigation and 160 kg nitrogen ha-1. Irrigation at 45 mm PSMD sown at 15th November produced maximum grain yield. Climate change scenarios showed reduction in wheat yield from 8.45 to 14.55% and 19.03 to 22.55% in mid and end century. Adaptation strategy for climate change and water shortage by 20% for mid-century is 22nd November sowing date and 20% increase in seed rate.
ضیاء محمد ضیاء ضیاء محمد ضیائ(۱۹۲۸ئ۔پ)کا اصل نام ضیا محمد اور تخلص ضیاؔ کرتے تھے۔ آپ کنجاہ سے متصل ایک بستی قاسم آباد ضلع گجرات میں پیدا ہوئے۔۔ ۱۹۵۳ء میں آپ نے سرکاری ملازمت اختیار کر لی اور گورنمنٹ ہائی سکول نمبرا پسرور میں بطور معلم السنہ شرقیہ تعینات ہوئے۔ اس کے بعد آپ مستقل طورپر پسرور میں اقامت پذیر ہو گئے۔(۷۴۰) آپ کے دوشعری مجموعے ’’نوائے شوق ‘‘اور ’’ارمغانِ عشق‘‘ شائع ہو چکے ہیں۔ ضیا اقبال کو روحانی مرشد اور فکری راہنما تسلیم کرتے ہیں۔انھیں غزل گوئی کے بجائے نظم نگاری پر زیادہ عبور حاصل ہے۔ قومی افکار، اخلاقی اقدار اور عشقِ حقیقی ان کی شاعری کا محور ہیں۔نمونہ کلام ملاحظہ ہو: اے نقشِ گر ہستی ، اے صانع زیبائی صنعت پہ تری حیراں ہے چشمِ تماشائی خورشید و مہ و انجم آئینہ نما تیرے مظہرِ تیری قدرت کا یہ گنبدِ مینائی کثرت میں بھی دیکھا ہے جلوہ تری وحدت کا ہے نقش دوئی باطل، حق ہے تری یکتائی (۷۴۱)
Islamic law consists hundreds of rulings that encourages the trends and cultural norms of a society in one or other. Similarly, it also strongly confine such mannerisms and social traits, though considers righteous and good, which affect the order of society and may the cause of rights exploitation of any gender. Sharia’s Teachings counts it illegitimate & unlawful. “Honour Killing” is one of the prevailed custom across the nation with different local names, extremely brutal act, violating not only sharia’s law but also the reflection of mercilessness and inhumanity. Regrettably, in Pakistan this awful deed is measured as an act of appreciation and is not only regarded likeable and acceptable but also considered a thing to be proud of. This study mainly focus on highlighting the sharia’s rulings about the nature of Honour killings along with disclosing distractions extent of prevailed custom from the main stream of Islamic law coupled with emphasis on administrative loopholes of the conventional justice system of Government of Pakistan in this regard.
Language Planning in Pakistan Language is vitally the most important aspect of human beings. It is the trait which differentiates humans from non-humans. Language riot only represents human thoughts but it also distinguishes societies, cultures and nations. Language gives identity to the diverse groups of humans living in this world. Language also acts as the identity marker of various groups living in a single culture. It acts as the primary factor in the agents of power. Considering language in relation to its role in politics, it is the basic tool in identity and nationality formation, and plays a vital role in hegemonic and counter-hegemonic struggles. While undergoing this research, the researcher concentrated upon the following assumptions and issues.
Firstly, language planning is the most important tool to make the orientation of the educationists towards a
language to use it as a standard in teaching and learning. Secondly, Pakistan has two languages working side-
by-side with each other-the national language (Urdu) and an official language (English)-but, here is no
defensible or established language policy for the use of either of the two languages. Thirdly, there is no
identification of the use of any language as the medium of instruction. Hence, several varying educational
systems are working simultaneously in Pakistan having their own weaknesses and strengths.