Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Evaluation of Cotton Dyeing With Aqueous Extracts of Natural Dyes from Indigenous Plants

Evaluation of Cotton Dyeing With Aqueous Extracts of Natural Dyes from Indigenous Plants

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Shaukat Ali

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2007

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/863

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-07 23:06:58

ARI ID

1676726117450

Similar


Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

خان بہادر میجر محمد یٰسین خان ناغڑ

خان بہادر میجر محمد یسیٰن خان صاحب ناغڑ
میجر محمد یسیٰن خاں صاحب مرحوم ندوۃ المصنفین کے قدیم ترین معاون تو تھے ہی ادارے کی خدمات کوبھی نہایت قدرومنزلت کی نظر سے دیکھتے تھے۔ ادارے سے مرحوم کی وابستگی ندوۃ المصنفین کے مخلص ترین محسن مرتضیٰ صاحب مرحوم کے واسطے سے ہوئی تھی دونوں میں قابل رشک مخلصانہ تعلقات تھے، سید صاحب ہی کے ذریعہ مرحوم کے کارکنان ادارہ سے روابط بڑھے اور پھر یہ روابط بڑھتے ہی چلے گئے، تھوڑی دیر کے لیے بھی دہلی تشریف لاتے تو ندوۃ المصنفین کے دفتر میں ضرورآتے۔ ممبری کی فیس اداکرنے میں بھی بے مثال تھے۔ ان کاشمار ادارے کے اُن چند گنے چنے معاونوں میں ہوتاتھا جووقت سے پہلے کسی یاددہانی کے بغیر شوق وذوق سے سالانہ فیس دیتے ہیں۔ ایک پوتے کی المناک شہادت کی خبر تواس مضمون میں ہے، کم وبیش دو سال قبل ان کا دوسرا جوان پوتا دنیا سے رخصت ہواتوبڑاہی دردناک خط آیا تھا، میں نے تعزیت نامے میں اپنے عزیز ترین ہونہار پوتے کی حسرت ناک وفات کاذکر کیا توان کو بڑی تسلی ہوئی تھی اور اُس تاثر کااظہار انھوں نے ایک طویل مکتوب میں کیا تھا۔ پچھلے دنوں حباب آفرید صاحب کامکتوب آیاجس میں زیر نظرمضمون کاتذکرہ کیاتھا، یہ میجر صاحب مرحوم کوندوۃ المصنفین اورہم لوگوں سے جوغیر معمولی تعلق تھااس کے پیش نظر میں نے حباب صاحب کومضمون بھیجنے کے لیے لکھ دیا، مضمون ہراعتبار سے سبق آموز ہے اور اسی لیے برہان میں شریک اشاعت کیا جا رہا ہے۔ (ع)
جئیے پہاڑی سے یوسف بھائی کے الم نامہ نے غمزدہ دل کوہمیشہ کے لیے سوگوار کردیا کہ’’آپ کویہ دردناک خبر پڑھ کربے حد افسوس ورنج ہوگا کہ والد بزرگوار میجر محمد یسیٰن خاں کچھ دنوں کی علالت کے بعد اس عالم فانی سے مورخہ ۱۴/ اگست ۱۹۷۸ء/۹رمضان بروز پیر...

افراد سازی میں خصوصی دلچسپیوں اور رجحانات کی رعایت سیرت طیبہ کی روشنی میں

One of the aspects of the teaching and grooming of people by the the of tendencies and interest special the considering was (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet companions and preparing, guiding, grooming and appreciating them in their respective fields of special interests and tendencies. This consideration of their special interests and tendencies and grooming and guiding them in this respect enabled them to exercise their abilities and serve the society in the academic, preaching, political, economic, social, judicial, diplomatic and other aspects. Until and unless the interest and tendencies of youth are not kept in mind, abilities of youth can never be utilized. Our Holy Prophet (ﷺ) took great care of youth’s interests before their training for specific field. The present paper intends to analyze the life of five companions and their excellence in field of education which was result of the Prophet’s consistent guidance and grooming according to their special interests and tendencies which resulted in their extra ordinary status in their respective fields and constructive contribution in the establishment and strengthening the structural foundations of society. The present Muslim world is in the need of seeking the guidance from the life of the Prophet in this respect and considering the special tendencies and interests of the youth and grooming, guiding and upbringing them in their respective fields so that they could contribute to the positive and constructive upbringing of the humanity in general and Muslim society in specific.

Development of Porous Materials and Their Application in Separation of Ions

The deleterious effect of toxic metals on the environment is an area of extreme focus recently. Many materials were proposed previously to counteract the toxic metal contamination issue; however, still search for new and better material with improved metal complexation qualities is continued. Hence, in the present study two types of advanced porous materials i.e. calixarene derivatives and nanofiltration membranes are presented here as alternative techniques for this purpose. The first phase of the study includes the synthesis of N-(2-tosylato)ethylpiperazine (3) and 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-bis-(2-piprazinoethyl)-26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene (4). The confirmation of newly synthesized compounds (3, 4) were carried by their characterization through elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR and/or 13C NMR studies. Furthermore, the liquidliquid extraction study was carried to evaluate the efficiency of compound 4 for Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Hg2+ metal picrates and CrO4 2-/Cr2O7 2- anions. The compound 4 showed selective extraction ability for Hg2+ among transition metals and also found efficient for chromate/dichromate anions at low pH. Comparison between extraction properties of compound 4 with previously reported 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-bis(isoniazidylcarbonylmethoxy)- 26,28-dihydroxy-calix[4]arene (iv) and protonated pyridinium form of iv (v) was also described. During the second phase of the study, the porous materials (calixarene derivatives) were applied in bulk liquid membrane (BLM) to investigate their efficiency towards metal transport. For this purpose, calix[6]arene hexaester derivative (6) for Pb(II), 5,11,17,23 tetrakis[(propylthio)methyl]-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene (8) for Hg(II) and pmorpholinomethylcalix[ 4]arene (9) for Cu(II) transport were utilized as carriers in BLM in separate studies. Influence of various kinds of kinetic parameters on the metal transport such as time, carrier concentration, solvent type and temperature was examined in terms of flux (Jd max, Ja max), rate constants (k1, k2), Rm max, and tmax values. The kinetic analysis was accomplished by following the laws of two consecutive irreversible first order reactions. Mostly it was observed that metal transport through BLM increase with increase in concentration of carrier, rise in temperature and at high stirring speed. Activation energy values were also calculated in each BLM study, to check the metal transport is either diffusionally or chemically controlled. In the Abstract xxiii case of Cu(II) transport, initially complexation and decomplexation ability of carrier 9 towards Cu(II) was investigated through conventional liquid-liquid extraction study. In alkaline conditions i.e. pH=12, maximum Cu(II) was decomplexed in the acceptor phase. Moreover, binary solvent types were utilized along with single solvent in membrane phase to augment the metal transport. Thus, the rate constant and flux values for these solvent types increases in the order as follows: chloroform< dichloromethane-ethylacetate< dichloromethane< dichloromethane-diethylether< dichloromethane-hexane. But dichloromethane made stable membrane phase relative to other solvent types. During the third phase of the present study, the porous materials (calixarene derivatives) were also utilized in supported liquid membrane (SLM) for metal transport. In SLM, 5,11,17,23 tetrakis[(propylthio)methyl]-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene (8) and pmorpholinomethylcalix[ 4]arene (9) were employed as carriers in separate work for Hg(II) and Cu(II), respectively. Influence of different parameters such as solvent, (chloroform, xylene, diphenyl ether, and toluene), membrane dipping time, support membrane (Celgard 2500 and 2400 membranes), type of co-anions (Cl- / - 3 NO ), donor and acceptor pH, and carrier concentration on metal transport was checked. Danesi mass transfer model and Fick’s first law of diffusion were followed for determining permeability (P) and flux (J) values. Higher metal permeability was observed in diphenyl ether, Celgard 2500 as support membrane and Cl- as coanion in both cases. However, in Cu(II) transport diffusion coefficients (D) and extraction constant (K) were also calculated additionally using Reinhoudt’s model, lag time measurements as well as by Wilke-Chang relation and compared. D and K values for Cu(II) transport were calculated as 1.54×10-10 m/s and 1.19×10-5 m/s, respectively. Thus, it was concluded that transport of Cu(II) in SLM was accelerated under diffusion realm. Consequently, in the fourth and last phase of the study thin film composite nanofiltration (TFC-NF) membranes were developed following interfacial polymerization (IP) technique for desalination purpose. Ethylene diamine (EDA) and terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) were employed as aqueous and organic phase monomers, respectively whereas Celgard 2400 membrane was taken as support. The thin, active polyamide layer on the surface of Celgard 2400 membrane was characterized after IP through fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surface polymerization was also Abstract xxiv confirmed by estimating molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) of TFC-NF membranes. The MWCO was calculated below 342 Da using dextrose, sucrose and raffinose solutions, which is in the range of NF. The economical home-made NF Cell was utilized for salt rejection and solvent permeation experiments. For optimization of IP technique, effect of various parameters such as monomer concentration, residence time in each monomer and curing temperature on the performance of TFC-NF membrane was evaluated. Under optimum conditions, water flux and MgCl2 rejection for these membranes were found as 33 L/m2h and 90%, respectively at 7 bar applied pressure. Finally, the pore size of the TFC-NF membrane was estimated to be ~ 0.45 nm following Hagen-Poiseuille equation.