اجازت
شاہد اشرف
"یہ راستہ آگے چل کر چشمے کی طرف نکلتا ہے " راہگیر یہ کہ کر آگے بڑھ گیا. میں شش و پنج میں مبتلا اسے جاتے ہوئے دیکھتا رہا پھر آہستہ آہستہ رستے پر گامزن ہو گیا. اس نے کہا تھا کہ. تھوڑے فاصلے پر چشمہ ہے اور چشمے کا نام و نشان دکھائی نہیں دیتا تھا. میں تھکن, پژ مردگی اور مایوسی سے پہلے ہر حال میں چشمے تک پہنچنا چاہتا تھا. پختہ سڑک کے بعد یہ راستہ زائرین کو پیدل طے کرنا پڑتا تھا. آخر کار چشمہ آ گیا . میں نے پانی پیا اور وہیں زمین پر بیٹھ گیا. اُس نے مجھے یہاں تک آنے کے لیے کہا تھا, اس کے بعد مزار تک پہنچنے کا فاصلہ مجھے اس کے ساتھ طے کرنا تھا. وہ میرے بعد چشمے پر پہنچا اور آتے ہی بولا " آؤ چلیں " ہم چل پڑے اور راستے میں باتیں کرتے رہے. ایک طویل فاصلہ طے کرنے کے بعد اس نے دور سے مزار کی طرف اشارہ کیا اور پھر نا معلوم منزل کی جانب گامزن ہو گیا۔ میں مزار کی طرف بڑھنے لگا ۔ جلد ہی مجھے احساس ہو گیا۔ میں جتنا مزار کے قریب جاتا ہوں ۔ مزار اتنا ہی مجھ سے دور ہو جاتا ہے ۔ میں نے تیز بھاگنے کی کوشش کی اور میرا سانس پھول گیا. میرے پاؤں بوجھل ہونے لگے اور میں حسرت و یاس کے عالم میں مزار کی طرف دیکھتا رہا. مجھے معلوم ہو گیا کہ مجھے باریابی کی اجازت نہیں ہے. میں اپنے بعد آنے والوں کو مزار کی سمت جاتے دیکھتا ہوں۔ سب مجھے حیرت سے دیکھ کر گزر جاتے ہیں۔ میں خستہ حال اور تہی دست ایک عمر سے وہاں پر رکا ہوا ہوں.
The Holy Qur’ān is said to be a book neither in poetry nor in prose; yet it has a unique rhyme with a metrical system peculiar to it. The science of prosody and metrics, which is linked directly to poetry with its two characteristics of meter and rhyme, is based on the inductive study of the formal qualities of the Arabic poetry. The Holy Qur’ān, though not a book of poetry, is far away from the stylistics of prosaic speech in the sense since the terminal-end points of the ayaths (verses) of its each and every surah are rhythmic and follow a metrical system of its own, which phenomenon is significant from the view- point of the science of prosody and metrics. Given this, each and every Surah of Qur’ān has a distinct quality whereby it can be recognized and differentiated from every other surah. Both Islam and the Qur’ān have abstained from going to the extent of putting an end to poetic genius; rather they have encouraged it differentiating good poetry meant for the cause of spreading Islamic message from the bad one that stands against the message of Islam. As regards the Qur’ān, its each and every Surah is dominated by multi-dimensional musical rhythms in synchrony with the total climate of its verses, which makes the listener spell-bound, and which plays an essential function so characteristic of the science of eloquent rhetoric.
This work presents investigations of the density, sound velocity, volumetric and acoustical behavior of binary aqueous solutions of some sweeteners namely acesulfame potassium, sodium cyclamate, sodium saccharin; D-mannitol, maltose, and poly sucralose at 293.15–318.15 K. The entire work was done at atmospheric pressure. The objective of study was to support building a suitable relationship among densities, sound velocities, sweeteners’ concentration and structural characteristics to explore sweetness response and molecular interactions in aqueous solution. Densities (r) and sound velocities (μ) have been measured as a function of concentration for aqueous solutions at 293.15–318.15 K and atmospheric pressure using electronic vibrating U tube density and sound velocity meter (DSA 5000M). Solutions of acesulfame- K, cyclamate- Na and saccharin- Na were treated as electrolytes, while D- mannitol, maltose and poly sucralose were considered as non-electrolytes. The results obtained were used to compute their apparent and partial Molal volumes; isentropic apparent and partial Molal isentropic compressibilities and compressibility hydration numbers have been calculated and reported. The apparent Molal volume, (ΦV) of electrolytes indicates negative deviations from Debye-Huckel limiting law. The values obtained for, ΦV, at given temperatures and concentrations may be used as an indicative for the strength and intensity of the ion/solute–ion/solute and ion/solute-solvent interactions. The partial Molal volume (ΦV°) indicates hydrophilic interactions dominating in aqueous solutions of studied sweeteners. Furthermore, apparent specific volumes (ASV) of the ions/solutes were calculated and it was found that these values of the investigated solutes lie between the reported values for sweet substances (0.51 – 0.71 cm3g-1) except for poly sucralose which might behaves differently due to its long chain structure. The partial Molal expansibility (ΦE°), Hepler’s constant (∂2V0/∂T2) and thermal expansion coefficient (a°) have been estimated and correlated to the effect of temperature on solution behavior. The isentropic apparent Molal compressibility (ΦK(s)) and compressibility hydration number (nH) conferred pre-dominance of ion/solute-solvent interactions, whereas partial Molal expansibility and related standards predicted structure making or breaking behavior of studied sweeteners. The Hepler’s constant values for sodium cyclamate and maltose x were negative which associated with the water structure breaking behavior of these sweeteners. The thermodynamic parameters like Apparent Molal volume (ΦV), partial Molal volume (ΦV°), apparent specific volume (ASV), partial Molal expansibility (ΦE°), isentropic apparent Molal compressibility (ΦK(s)) and related constants provided clear distinctions and variable hydration behavior and sweetness response from class to class, structural variability and molecular masses. So, as a whole this study provided new insights in elucidation of mechanistic differences between sweeteners and their mode of interactions.