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Home > Evaluation of Flower and Essential Oil Production and Phytochemical Properties of Murraya Exotica.

Evaluation of Flower and Essential Oil Production and Phytochemical Properties of Murraya Exotica.

Thesis Info

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Author

Naseem, Muhammad Kaleem

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6990/1/Muhammad_Kaleem_Naseem_2015_UAF_Horticulture.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726122424

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Murraya exotica, commonly known as orange Jasmine, belongs to the family Rutaceae. It is a popular hedge plant in the tropics and is commonly grown in gardens for its glossy green foliage and large clusters of fragrant flowers. The potential of Murraya exotica has never been fully exploited in Pakistan and very little work has been carried out on the flower and essential oil production of this plant. The present study was therefore carried out to explore the flower production potential of Murraya exotica under local conditions (Faisalabad region) with the aim to explore the crop as a high value non-traditional for value addition through essential oil extraction. Moreover, the standardization of the SCFE technology and comparison of essential oil extraction methods was done to obtain high quality essential oil. The study comprised of five experiments. In the first experiment, the effect of different levels of NPK (17:17:17) and FYM on growth and production of Murraya exotica flowers was investigated. The results indicated that an increase in fertilizer levels caused a significant increase in plant height, number of branches, number of flowers, size of flowers, fresh and dry weight of flowers with maximum values recorded in plants supplied with 20g NPK/plant/month + 4kg FYM. In addition, the same dose also significantly enhanced the nutrients contents (N, P and K) and photosynthetic pigments in the flowers. The super critical fluid extraction (SCFE) technology for the extraction of essential oil of Murraya exotica was optimized in the second experiment. A temperature of 40oC and pressure of 80 bar was found to be optimum for the obtaining the highest quantity and quality of essential oil through SCFE technology. The various methods viz. SCFE, solvent extraction and steam distillation were compared for their efficiency in extraction of essential oil in the third experiment. It was observed that the SCFE was the most economical and suitable method for essential oil extraction of Murraya exotica. Fourth experiment was comprised of the phytochemical analysis of Murraya exotica. It was revealed from the experiment that carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, xv phytosterols, alkaloids, flavonoids and proteins and free amino acids were present whereas fixed oils and fats and saponins were absent. In the fifth experiment, the effect of Alumina-buffered phosphorus (P) fertilizers on growth of Murraya exotica was compared with conventional P fertilizers. The results suggested that low but continuous supply of phosphorus (P) through Alumina-buffered phosphorus fertilizer was better than conventional fertilizers in improving the growth of Murraya exotica.
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سید صادقؔ حسین

سید صادقؔ حسین (۱۸۹۸۔۱۹۸۹ء) نام اور صادقؔ تخلص کرتے تھے۔ آپ کھادڑ پاڑہ (کشمیر) میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آپ کے والدین نے کشمیر سے ہجرت کر کے شکر گڑھ (سیالکوٹ) میں سکونت اختیار کی۔ آپ کے والد صفدر کاظمی نے وفاقی سیکرٹری کے عہدے پر کام کیا۔ تعلیم مکمل کرنے کے بعد آپ نے ظفر وال سے وکالت کا آغاز کیا۔ آپ تحریکِ پاکستان میں کارکن کے طور پر کام کرتے رہے۔ ۱۹۳۶ء میں آپ صدر مسلم لیگ شکر گڑھ مقرر ہوئے۔ آپ کا واحد شعری مجموعہ ’’برگِ سبز‘‘ کے نام سے شائع ہوا۔ (۲۷۶)

صادق کو صرف ایک شعر کی وجہ سے اردو شاعر ی میں شہرت ملی۔ بعض حضرات اس شعر کو علامہ محمد اقبال سے منسوب کرتے ہیں۔ یہ شعر ان کے شعری مجموعے ’’برگ سبز‘‘ کی ایک غزل میں موجود ہے۔ شعر ملاحظہ ہو:

تندیٔ بادِ مخالف سے نہ گھبرا اے عقاب                       یہ تو چلتی ہے تجھے اونچا اڑانے کے لیے          (۲۷۷)

صادقؔ نظم اور غزل کے شاعر ہیں۔ نظم پر اقبال کے اثرات ہیں اور غزل میں روایت کی جھلک نظر آتی ہے۔ ان کی شاعری میں قرآن مجید کے منظوم تراجم بھی موجود ہیں۔ انہیں اسلام سے سچی محبت ہے۔ اس محبت کا اظہار وہ خدائے بزرگ و برتر کی حمد و ثنا سے کرتے ہیں۔ وہ قرآن پاک کا ترجمہ کرتے ہوئے عام فہم اور سادہ زبان استعمال کرتے ہیں۔ ان کا اسلوب اتنا اچھا ہے کہ وہ ترجمہ معلوم نہیں ہوتا۔ سورت فاتحہ کی کچھ آیات کا منظوم ترجمہ ملاحظہ ہو:

خداوندِ جہاں تیرے لئے تعریف ہے ساری                 کہ ہے لطف و کرم تیرا ہر انس و جان پر جاری               

تو ہی ہے مالک و مختارِ کل روزِ قیامت کا                           ہر اک ہم میں سے دم بھرتا ہے تیری ہی عبادت کا       

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مباحث النصيحة و العظة فی شعر الإمام محمد بن ادریس الشّافعی

Im?m Al Sh?f? Has great contribution towards grammatical and principled Arabic poetry. It is observed that his poetry is rich with ethical values. He gained his reputation at the same time as a Muslim jurist and a great man of wisdom. He is the writer of many books regarding Islamic jurisprudence, and a famous book of poetry “Deewan e Sh?f.” More over his books contain such ethical values in couplet mood. All of these discussed values, he truly abstracted and retrieved from the holy Quran and hadith. This article presents a special study regarding his valuable topics of ethics. The article is a comprehensive study of the ethical values found in the poetry of Al imam Al-Sh?f. The important ethical values of his poetry are: true advice of Muslim and knowledge positively. He also discussed some bad habits to aware the people about their bad impacts on nature and gives examples of their destructions in human beings. Some of them are fraud, cruelty and being the secretary of the ruler etc. He also discussed some bad habits to aware the people about their bad impacts on nature and gives examples of their destructions in human beings. Some of them are fraud, cruelty and being the secretary of the ruler etc.

Molecular Characterization of Rare Genodermatoses in Pakistani Families.

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