شاہ سلیمان پھلواروی
ہندوستان کے مشہور پرانے عالم و واعظ و خطیب مولانا شاہ سلمان صاحب قادری چشتی پھلواروی نے جن کے نغموں نے ہمارے ملک کے پورے طول و عرض کو کم از کم نصف صدی تک پرشور رکھا تھا، وفات پائی، ۲۷؍صفر ۱۳۵۴ھ کی تاریخ جمعہ کے دن اور صبح ۷ بجے کا وقت تھا کہ یہ طوطیِ خوشنوا ہمیشہ کے لئے خاموش ہوگیا، پھلواری صوبہ بہار میں عظیم آباد پٹنہ سے ملحق ایک مردم خیز مشہور قصبہ ہے جہاں ڈیڑھ سو برس کے عرصہ میں بہت سے باکمال، اہل علم، علماء، صلحاء، مشایخ اور شعراء پیدا ہوئے، مرحوم بھی یہیں کے رہنے والے اور یہاں کے بزرگوں کے مستند و معتبر خانوادہ کے چشم و چراغ تھے، ستہتر، اٹھتر بر س کی عمر پائی، غالباً ۱۲۷۶ھ میں پیدا ہوئے۔
مرحوم کی جوانی کے عہد میں تین باکمالوں کے درس کی مسندیں ہندوستان میں بچھی تھیں، فرنگی محل لکھنؤ میں مولانا عبدالحئی صاحب، سہارنپور میں مولانا احمد علی صاحب اور دلّی میں مولانا سید نذیر حسین صاحب کی، شاہ صاحب مرحوم نے فیض کے ان تینوں سرچشموں سے فائدہ اٹھایا، پہلے فرنگی محل آئے اور یہاں سے فارغ ہوکر سہارنپور اور دہلی گئے، دلّی کے قیام کا زمانہ جس کو ان کی تعلیم کا آخری عہد کہنا چاہئے، ۱۲۹۷ھ مطابق ۱۸۸۰ء ہے۔
لکھنؤ کے قیام میں درسیات کو ختم کرنے کے بعد انہوں نے طب پڑھی اور اسی طبیب کی حیثیت سے انہوں نے دنیا میں اپنی زندگی کا آغاز کیا، چنانچہ شروع میں حکیم محمد سلیمان کہلائے اور اسی کا اثر تھا کہ شاعری میں جس کا چسکا ان کو بچپن سے تھا اور لکھنؤ کی صحبت میں جس کا چٹخارہ اور بڑھ گیا تھا، اپنا تخلص حاذقؔ رکھا تھا، وہ زیادہ تر اردو اور عربی میں کمتر فارسی میں شعر کہتے تھے،...
History of Tibari is the well-known book of late ‘allama ibne jar┘r ║ibar┘. Its real name is Tar┘kh- ul ’ummam wal Mul┴k. History of ║ibar┘ is considered the comprehensive and encyclopedia for the first three decades and the backbone in the history of Islam. He is considered a great and lofty character especially in the history of Islam, although all the historians of the present as well as of the past take guidance from his book. Inspite of the facts there are also baseless and false quotations written about Su╒┐ba’ kir┐m, explanation of which is not reasonable. As there are present some false, man-made and illogical sayings in Tar┘kh ║ibar┘. Therefore, an explanatory summary is presented of the narrators so that it may be clyster clear that ‘Allama ║ibar┘ is trusty and worthy but his works are the combination of both facts and false.
Helicobacter pylori become a major cause of serious health problems and associated with an immense prevalence worldwide responsible for chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer. Therefore the effectiveness of Nigella sativa seeds against H. pylori was evaluated due to its broad range of pharmacological and antibacterial potential against pathogenic bacteria. The maceration method was followed to obtain crude seed extract (22.6 %) using methanol (90 %). This extract was further partitioned into subsequent fractions by following solvent-solvent extraction method using organic solvents according to their increasing polarity order. The percent yield of the resultant fractions were hexane (29.68 %), dichloromethane (15.6 %), ethyl acetate (1.56 %), butanol (18.75 %) and aqueous (34.37 %). The hexane fraction contained the highest value of total phenolic content (43.23 mg GAE/mL) followed by crude extract (40.88 mg GAE /mL). The total flavonoid content present in aqueous fraction (0.62 mg QE/mL) found higher as compared to the ethyl acetate fraction (0.437 mg QE/mL). The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest percentage of scavenging activity (63.1 %) at 1000 ppm as compared to the other varying concentrations of studied fractions. Thymoquinone (TQ) was estimated and isolated by HPLC. The crude extract showed significantly higher amount of TQ (42.5 %) followed by present in hexane fraction (27.6 %). The thymoquinone was not detected in butanol fraction. The GC-MS analysis of fractions identified a total number of twenty one bioactive compounds including TQ. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of certain functional groups to the bioactive compounds in each fraction, which highlighted the importance of hexane and ethyl acetate fraction for containing prime antioxidant potential. The H. pylori bacterium was isolated and identified from the biopsy samples of infected patients (H. pylori positive). The in-vitro antibacterial activity was carried out against H. pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. All the fractions and pure TQ was found active against H. pylori with zone of inhibition diameter (mm) ranged between 5.3 to 16.7 mm with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) varied in a range from 256 to 2048 μg/mL. Amongst the studied fraction the ethyl acetate fraction and TQ (256 μg/mL) demonstrated an equal highest inhibitory activity against the tested organisms followed by aqueous fraction (512 μg/mL). The butanol fraction with MIC (2048 μg/mL) remain inactive against all tested isolates. The radiolabelling of TQ (100 %) with technetium (Tc-99m) was achieved by following biodistribution and scintigraphic studies. The in-vitro and in-vivo assays were performed to assess the effectiveness of newly synthesized 99mTc- thymoquinone compound in an induced H. pylori infected mice model. The bioactivity of 99mTc-TQ was tested in an internalization assay demonstrated a promising interaction with muscle cancer cell line. Later on an effective dose of N. sativa seed was also determined through an in-vivo study designed for the treatment of H. pylori positive patients. Among the suggested trial dose rates the amount of 2.5 gram of N. sativa seeds per day had shown a promising inhibitory potential against patient’s recovery (80 %) from H. pylori. Current results provided prospects for the use of N. sativa seeds as a newly dietary supplement. TQ was proved to possess potential against H. pylori and contributed as a natural antimicrobial compound will possibly be used as a substitute for antibiotics.