Home > Evaluation of Organochlorine and Polychlorinated Biphenyl Residues in the Blood / Serum Samples of Cancer Patients With Reference to the Assessment of Health Risk of Karachi People Due to Environmental Pollutants
Evaluation of Organochlorine and Polychlorinated Biphenyl Residues in the Blood / Serum Samples of Cancer Patients With Reference to the Assessment of Health Risk of Karachi People Due to Environmental Pollutants
The present study was conducted for the comparative evaluation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) in the serum samples of diagnosed cancer patients and healthy humans of Karachi. Impact of these chemicals on the serum cell free DNA (cf-DNA), Cholesterol, Alkaline Phosphatase and Total Protein contents was also ascertained in the studied cohort. This was a preliminary work on the role of PCBs and OCPs in the etiology of cancer in Pakistan. A random collection of fasting blood samples from diagnosed cancer patients having various malignancies and healthy humans was carried out with informed consent of the donors at various hospitals and health care centers of Karachi. Serum was separated within 2 hours of collection and was used for subsequent analysis. Analysis of PCBs and OCPs was carried out on Gas Chromatograph coupled with Electron Capture Detector. Serum cf-DNA was analyzed on NanoDrop Spectrophotometer while serum Cholesterol, ALP and Total Protein contents were analyzed on Roche/Hitachi diagnostic analyzers. Levels of the seven tested PCBs (PCB 28, PCB 52, PCB 101, PCB 138, PCB 153, PCB 180 and PCB 209) were significantly higher in the cancer group compared with the control group. PCBs were detected in 93.98 % of the cancer cases and 93.75 % of the normal subjects. Mean level of ΣPCBs was found significantly elevated in the cancer group (2.711 mg/kg) compared with the control group (0.536 mg/kg). PCB 52 was the most prevalent chemical with a mean level of 2.044 mg/kg in the cancer group and 0.134 mg/kg in the control group. It was observed that concentrations of PCBs increased linearly with the increasing age of the cancer patients. On the other hand, OCPs were detected in 97.59 % of the cancer cases and 93.75 % of the normal subjects. Mean concentration of total OCPs was found elevated in the cancer group (0.611 mg/kg) compared with the control group (0.321mg/kg). Endosulfan was the highest prevalent OCP with mean concentration of 0.214 mg/kg in the cancer group and 0.170 mg/kg in the control group. DDT metabolite - 4,4-DDE was found significantly elevated in the cancer group with a mean level of 0.131 mg/kg compared to the control group (0.020 mg/kg). Highest mean concentration of ΣPCBs was found in cases of the female genital system while highest mean of ΣOCPs was detected in the breast cancer cases. Significantly elevated level of cf-DNA was detected in the cancer group with a mean value of 5584.2 ng/μl compared with control group (1758.8 ng/μl). Detection of cf-DNA was 56.45 % in the cancer group and 36.84 % in the control group. Mean cholesterol level was found significantly diminished in the cancer group (116±22 mg/dl) compared with the control group (158.7±33 mg/dl). ALP activity was found elevated in the cancer cases with a mean level of 125±48 U/L compared with the normal counterparts (109±28 U/L). Mean total protein contents were found reduced in the cancer cases (6.2±0.58 g/dl) compared to normal subjects (7.2±1 g/dl). Cases having higher residues of PCBs and to some extent of OCPs has shown elevated concentrations of cf-DNA, comparatively higher levels of cholesterol and ALP and reduced total protein contents. In light of the obtained results, it has concluded that PCBs and OCPs are positively associated with the etiology of cancer. Moreover, PCBs and OCPs adversely affect other biological parameters of the body which may ultimately result into various cancers in humans.
مولانا سید منت اﷲ رحمانی مرحوم دارالمصنفین میں یہ خبر نہایت غم و ندوہ کے ساتھ سنی گئی کہ امارت شرعیہ بہار و اڑیسہ کے امیر، مسلم پرسنل لا بورڈ کے جنرل سکریٹری، مسلم مجلس مشاورت کے بانی ممبر، دارالعلوم دیوبند و ندوہ کی مجلس انتظامیہ کے رکن اور خانقاہ رحمانی کے سجادہ نشین مولانا سید منت اﷲ رحمانی کا انتقال ۳ رمضان المبارک ۱۹؍ مارچ کی شب میں ہوگیا، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔ ان کا مرثیہ صرف ایک عالم کا نہیں بلکہ ایک عالم کا ماتم ہے، ہندوستانی مسلمانوں کے لیے ان جیسی ستودہ و صفات ہستیاں اس دور قحط الرجال میں نعمت سے کم نہیں اور اس نعمت کے چھن جانے سے حرمان و نقصان کی کیفیت اور شدید ہوجاتی ہے۔ انھوں نے ایسے ماحول میں آنکھیں کھولیں جو علم و معرفت اور شریعت و طریقت کی دولت سے مالا مال تھا ان کے والد ماجد مولانا سید محمد علی مونگیریؒ، شاہ فضل رحمن گنج مراد آبادیؒ سے تعلق، رد عیسائیت، تحریک ندوۃ العلماء اور ردقادیانیت میں اپنے کارناموں کے سبب نمونہ سلف اور طبقہ علماء و مشائخ میں ممتاز حیثیت رکھتے تھے، ان کی اقامت کانپور میں تھی لیکن ہدایت و ارشاد کے لیے وہ مونگیر اور اس کے اطراف میں برابر تشریف لے جایا کرتے تھے، جب وہاں قادیانیت کا فتنہ زیادہ سنگین ہوا تو اس کا مکمل قلع قمع کرنے کے لیے ۱۳۲۰ھ میں انھوں نے مستقل طور پر مونگیر میں اقامت اختیار کی، مولانا منت اﷲ رحمانی ۱۳۳۲ھ میں پیدا ہوئے، اپنے بھائیوں میں وہ سب سے چھوٹے تھے، مولانا مونگیریؒ کے انتقال کے وقت ان کی عمر تقریباً دس برس تھی، ان سے بیعت تو حاصل ہوئی لیکن استفادہ کا زیادہ موقع نہ ملا، انھوں نے بعد میں دیوبند اور ندوہ میں بھی تعلیم حاصل کی، ندوہ میں وہ...
Islam is a holistic and comprehensive system of life because the Creator of universe has given the instructions that are eternal and are perfect guide for humanity in all ages and circumstances. Islamic teachings are consistent with the comprehensive nature. Those instructions that human being has given for all walks of life in that the elements of morality is distinct and dominant and prohibited every act that is harmful to others. This fact is quite clear that the moral aspect of Islam is so important to consider the ethics of Islam has taken into consideration and there is no command to be out of the realm of ethics and particularly matters of life which is part of religion and are important aspect of society. Islamic teachings are so clear that there is no example of it in any economic system the world. Today we have different economic systems in the world which essentially teach us that the purpose of human life is to make money and collect goods even if affects the lives of others. But in Islamic economic world it is emphasized that this world is not the original house and satisfactory zone of human being and his purpose is not to collect wealth but the worship of Almighty. Human being is gifted fair system of order in every aspect of which there is clearly ethics thus human is strictly prohibited to collect money through unfair means and in cruel manners. In this article we will discuss the ethical consideration of Islamic economical system. So it is quite clear that the guarantor of peace, love and harmony in the world is Islamic system.
Teaching and learning have been at the heart of education since inception of mankind in this world. Good
teaching has not only been a source of cognitive development but also a crucial source of moral and intellectual
inspiration for the newcomers into the academic community. Higher education is meant to develop the ability
of a student to think clearly, logically and honestly and to promote clear and critical thinking.
This study contributes towards the understanding of the major constraints of management dynamics of higher
education in Pakistan. The major constraints are Financial, socio-cultural, technological, availability of skilled
man power, quality and of infrastructure, which were taken as independent variables and constraints of
management dynamics of higher education as dependent variable. Higher Education Commission of Pakistan
is putting serious efforts to overcome these main constraints to promote higher education in Pakistan. Three
different public universities namely Quaid-I-Azim University, International Islamic University and Federal Urdu
University of Science and Technology based in Islamabad were studied to collect in depth knowledge in the
form of primary data about different constraints of higher education faced by students studying at higher levels
(Masters, M.Phil and Ph.D).
Enough of the already available relevant literature was studied and Interpretation of the data gave us the
findings that concrete measures must be formulated and implemented by Higher Education Commission of
Pakistan to minimize the deteriorating impact of these constraints for the management of higher education in
Pakistan and strategic plans must be introduced in higher education similar to that of corporate world.