پروفیسر جگن ناتھ آزاد
ایک شریف اور باکمال انسان
۲۴؍ اگست ۲۰۰۴ء کو ملک کے مایہ ناز شاعر و ادیب، مشہور محقق و نقاد، اقبالیات کے ماہر اور اس کے پایہ شناس جناب جگن ناتھ آزاد اردو دنیا کو سوگوار اور مغموم چھوڑ کر چلے گئے، وہ اردو، اردو ثقافت، ملک کی گنگا جمنی تہذیب، فرقہ وارانہ ہم آہنگی، رواداری، وسیع المشربی اور بھائی چارگی کے علم بردار تھے، ان کی وفات پر کن کن چیزوں کا نوحہ و ماتم کیا جائے۔
جگن ناتھ آزاد صاحب ۱۵؍ دسمبر ۱۹۱۸ء کو مغربی پنجاب (پاکستان) کے شہر عیسیٰ خیل میں پیدا ہوئے جو ضلع میان والی کی ایک تحصیل تھا، ان کے والد پنڈت تلوک چند محروم پیشے کے اعتبار سے معلم تھے مگر خاندانی شرافت اور کمال کے ساتھ ایک صاحب ذوق اور بڑے قادر الکلام شاعر تھے، ان کا شمار اردو کے استاد شعرا میں ہوتا تھا، آزاد صاحب کو علم و ادب کا فطری ذوق تھا جس کو ان کے والد کی صحبت و تربیت نے بہت چمکا دیا تھا، ان کی ابتدائی تعلیم عیسیٰ خیل میں ہوئی، میانوالی سے میٹرک کا امتحان پاس کیا، ۱۹۳۵ء میں ڈی اے وی کالج راولپنڈی سے انٹرمیڈیٹ کیا اور ۱۹۳۷ء میں گارڈن کالج راولپنڈی سے بی اے کیا، ۱۹۴۴ء میں پنجاب یونیورسٹی لاہور سے فارسی میں ایم، اے کیا۔
وہ شروع ہی سے صحافت سے وابستہ رہے جب وہ انٹر کررہے تھے تو کالج میگزین کی ادارت ان کو سپرد کی گئی، اسی زمانے سے مضامین بھی لکھنے لگے تھے، نظم گوئی کی ابتدا اس سے بھی پہلے ہوچکی تھی، ان کا پہلا مقالہ ’’اقبال کی منظر نگاری‘‘ کے عنوان سے میاں بشیر احمد کے مشہور ادبی ماہنامہ ’’ہمایوں‘‘ لاہور میں چھپا، ۱۹۴۱ء میں ماہنامہ ’’ادبی دنیا‘‘ لاہور کی مجلس ادارت میں شامل ہوئے، ۱۹۴۶ء میں اردو روزنامہ...
In the contemporary academia, importance of journals is an established fact. Not only does the traditional academia discourse, but also modern discipline appears due to such endeavor of such traditions of journal. An editor is the key person who lightens the quality of writing. Allmah Shibl Nu‘mn (1857-1914) was not only an historian, writer, scholar and a great expert in the field of journals. He was the very first editor of various journals in the sub-continent. He had great vision in arrangement multiple discourses in the journals, at the same time his expertise in editorship can be explored. In his opinion a good editor needs to observe these characteristics. He should establish good relationship with scholars to achieve good targets of excellent writings. He should appoint co-editors for training and take keen interest in the additional responsibilities. He should select important as well as relevant articles and ensure material for the Journal in advance. He should also have a curious look on the contemporary journals to organize, review on latest books and to exploit various available sources to propagate journals. Shibl can be called a modern vehicle of expression. He made substantial contribution in enhancing the quality of the journals and promoting journals material for a wide readership. He trained novice graduates for professional editorship for the journals. Here is an effort to highlight Shibl’s letters as golden principle of writing.
This study presents a blend of applied and theoretical approaches of Biradari significance and the elite power dynamics.The research design lays down the objectives with pertinent questions to be explored from the pages of history of region and Pakistan. A deep insight into the role of Biradari in the local power elite groups and their characters is essential to understand the mechanism of power in Pakistan. Therefore, this research provides a discourse of the interplay of Biradari and politics and their relationships in Pakistan in general and in district Khushab particularly. These concepts and themes bear special standing in modern social and democratic cultures. Special emphasis is given to examine their impact upon political and social norms of equality and decision-making. The socio-economic considerations on the Biradari role in Punjab and Khushab have been studied in detail. The introduction and political standing of major Biradaries in Khushab has been studied with emphasis on Awan, Tiwana, Bandial, Ganjial, Bandial, Baluch and other important Biradaries. The electoral performance of the Biradaries of Khushab from 1937 to 2008, gives their thorough profile in all political episodes of power struggle. A comprehensive review of the results of these elections has also been given to present each Biradari in its exclusive political positioning in the Khushab district. This analysis establishes the link of the local character of the power and Biradari to the national character of the democratic institutions and the Biradari influence on their making and functioning. This study elaborates the need to strengthen the political parties in the real sense through political working and promotion of democratic culture in their ranks and files. Unless and until the democratized political parties are autonomous in selecting their candidates, Biradari will continue to hold sway over power and its dynamics on different local, provincial and national levels. Political parties are concentrating to encash Biradari influence to widen their majority in the elected institutions. That is why Awan, Tiwana, Gunjial, Bandial, Baluch, Qureshi and others are present in these institutions both as independently elected members (MNAs, MPAs and Senators) and on tickets of different political parties. This study recommends changing the course of party politics. Political parties must behave as xviii strong social institutions as well. The continuous lacking of this character would be benefiting Biradaries for long.