Interaction of Household Wealth and Women’s Working Status on Child Malnutrition: Evidence from PDHS-2013

Theoretically, it is supposed that women’s working status and household wealth independently contribute towards the children’s dietary status. The working women of the inferior socio-economic class are generally engaged in the informal sector or low paid work. It may be argued that such kinds of service cannot contribute to the nutritious prestige in children. To solve this puzzle whether woman's working status in all socio-economic setups is contributing to children’s nutritional status or not? This is the main focus of the research. A sample data of 1169 households from PDHS (2012-13) are used to explore the influencing factors of child malnutrition. The study employed the binary logistic regression which observes the likelihood of malnutrition in the children. Malnutrition is measured through CIAF. The interaction terms of the woman’s working status and five quintiles of wealth index have been created. The results disclose that working women belonging to the household of the first two quintiles of the wealth index and the fourth quintile of the wealth index are not contributing to the nutritious prestige of the children. Furthermore, in the third quintiles, the working status of women contributes to the nutritional prestige of children. It may be inferred that the socioeconomic status of the household is important for the nutritional welfare of the children, not the woman's employment. However, it may be concluded that women’s employment should be of the level that can support the socio-economic status of the household.

General Inequalities for Generalized Convex Functions

It is a fact that, the theory of inequalities, priding on a history of more than two cen- turies, plays a significant role in almost all fields of mathematics and in major areas of science. In the present dissertation, we will study the general inequalities, namely integral inequalities and discrete inequalities for generalized convex functions. There- fore, we will introduce some generalized convex functions which include functions −convex functions, and n−convex func- with nondecreasing increments, ∆− and tions of higher orders. By using these functions, we will provide a generalization of the Brunk’s theorem, of the Levinson-type inequalities, of the Burkill-Mirsky-Peˇari ́’s re- c c sult and of the result related to arithmetic integral mean. We will also discuss the Popoviciu-type characterization of positivity of sums and integrals for higher order convex functions of n variables and we will give some related results. Our disserta- tion also provides generalizations of some of the celebrated and fundamental identities ˇ and inequalities including Montgomery’s identities, Ostrowski-, Gr ̈ss-, Cebyˇev- and u s Fan-type inequalities. Moreover, we will also apply an elegant method of producing n−exponentially and logarithmically convex functions for positive linear function- als constructed with the help of majorization-type results, Favard-, Berwald- and Jensen-type inequalities. The generalization and the following refinements of Jensen- Mercer’s inequalities are also provided with some applications. The Lagrange- and Cauchy-type mean value theorems are also proved and shown to be useful in studying Stolarsky-type means defined for the positive linear functionals.