جو اُجلا تن نہیں تو کیا میں اُجلا من تو رکھتا ہوں
میں تشنہ لب ہوں آنکھوں میں مگر ساون تو رکھتا ہوں
اگرچہ تیرگی ہی تیرگی ہے چار سُو میرے
میں ایسی تیرگی میں بھی دلِ روشن تو رکھتا ہوں
مرے دامن میں رنج و غم کی ہے اشکوں کی دولت ہے
مجھے مت جانیے مفلس کہ ایسا دھن تو رکھتا ہوں
میں بستا شہر میںہوں پھر بھی صحرا سے مجھے نسبت
نہیں میں قیس تو کیا ہے میں پاگل پن تو رکھتا ہوں
میں اُن کو دل میں رکھتا ہوں جو تائبؔ دور رہتے ہیں
اگرچہ بے ہنر ہوں پھر بھی اتنا فن تو رکھتا ہوں
As a result of the political crisis in Pakistan, the Martial Law regime of General Zia Al-Haq came into power on July 5, 1977. The process of Islamization was given a new boost during the period of Zia Al-Haq 1977- 1988. He launched a comprehensive scheme to eradicate non-Islamic practices in Pakistani state and society. His Islamization program contemplated significant reforms in the legal-constitutional, socioeconomic and educational institutions of Pakistan. The principles of Zakāt -‘Ushr ordinance, Islamic Ḥudūd and Penal code were introduced in the country. To Islamizing the economy Ribā abandoning and Profit and Loss sharing accounts in banks were initiated. Besides, he renamed parliament as Majlis Al-Shūrā; the Federal Sharī‘at Court, Sharī‘at Appellate Benches and Sharī‘ah Council were established in the country. Under the umbrella of Nizām-e-Muṣṭafā, social reforms were introduced, through the stressing of sanctity of the Holy month of Ramaḍān, enforcement of the bans on gambling and encouragement of chadar for women. Un-Islamic programs were banned on television and radio and news in Arabic was made compulsory. The stated objectives of President Zia’s Islamization policies were to lead Pakistan in the direction of truly Islamic state. However, the critics of his polices considered it a tool for legitimizing and enhancing his political powers in the country.
In this thesis, we study inflationary dynamics, cosmic evolution and structure of hypothetical geometries. Firstly, we investigate the behavior of warm intermediate and logamediate inflationary models for flat isotropic and homogeneous universe in Einstein frame representation of f(R) gravity. In this scenario, we study the dynamics of strong and weak constant as well as generalized dissipative regimes. In both regimes, we discuss inflaton solution, slow-roll parameters, scalar and tensor power spectra, corresponding spectral indices as well as tensor-scalar ratio for Starobinsky inflationary model and determine their compatibility with Planck 2015 constraints. Secondly, we study the existence of Noether symmetry and associated conserved quantity of some isotropic as well as anisotropic universe models in f(R,T) gravity. The cyclic variable is introduced to construct exact solution of Bianchi I model. We also consider a generalized spacetime which corresponds to different anisotropic homogeneous universe models and scalar field model (quintessence and phantom) admitting minimal coupling with f(R,T) models. For these models, we formulate exact solutions without introducing cyclic variable. We investigate the behavior of some cosmological parameters using exact solutions through graphical analysis. Finally, we discuss wormhole solutions of static spherically symmetric spacetime via Noether symmetry approach in f(R) and f(R,T) theories. We formulate symmetry generators, associated conserved quantities and wormhole solutions for constant as well as variable red-shift functions. For perfect fluid, we evaluate an explicit form of generic function f(R) and also evaluate exact solution for f(R) power-law model. In f(R,T) gravity, we consider two f(R,T) models appreciating indirect curvaturematter coupling and formulate solutions for both dust as well as perfect fluids. We study the behavior of null/weak energy conditions with respect to ordinary matter and effective energy-momentum tensor for physically acceptable of wormhole solutions.