مفتی محمد قائم فرنگی محلی
افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینہ مفتی محمد قائم صاحب فرنگی محلی نے انتقال فرمایا، مرحوم درس و تدریس اور فقہ و فتاویٰ میں خانوادہ فرنگی محل کی آخری یادگار تھے، ایک مدت تک مدرسہ حنفیہ جو نپور کے صدر مدرس رہے، مگر ادھر عرصہ سے کبرسنی کے باعث خانہ نشین ہوگئے تھے، چند برسوں سے بالکل معذور ہوگئے تھے، مگر اس حالت میں بھی افتا کا کام جاری تھا، اور مولانا محمد رضا فرنگی محلی ان کی نگرانی میں اس کو انجام دیتے تھے، فقہ کے علاوہ حدیث و رجال پر بھی ان کی وسیع نظر تھی، جس پر ان کی تصنیف معیار الحدیث شاہد ہے، اخلاق و وضعداری میں پرانے بزرگوں کا نمونہ تھے، ان کی وفات سے فرنگی محل کی علم وفضل کی آخری یادگار مٹ گئی۔ والبقاء ﷲ وحدہ۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، جنوری ۱۹۷۰ء)
The ethos of every postcolonial country was shaped by the way in which it secured its independence, therefore in analyzing the political development of Pakistan from its creation one must consider the related development of India prior to Partition, exploring the nature of colonial rule and it’s far reaching impacts on the political development of Pakistan after independence. While India has seen innumerable kingdoms rise and fall and many waves of invasions, the British encroachment in India from the 18th century onwards, particularly the direct incorporation of India as the jewel of the British Empire in 1857, was unique in that it wrenched the locus of political and economic control away from the Subcontinent to Europe. However, many British residents in India ‘went native’, by adopting local religion and culture. The British loved India, whether residents such as Rudyard Kipling or the ruling elite in Britain (e.g. Queen Victoria had Indian servants and companions). The British cultivated an elite group of administrators from the powerful indigenous landowners and middle-class professionals (the latter of whom were mainly from Hindu castes), which helped the British to consolidate their vested interests to strengthen their rule in India. The amalgamated British army consisted of Indian and British soldiers under the command of British officers. This paper discusses in detail the impacts of British colonial rule in the Subcontinent with special reference to post-independence Pakistan drawing on archival records and other written materials on the subject.
Today the global society faces complexities, creating challenges for leadership practices to fulfill the increasing and unlimited wants of the global community (Ali, 2015), and Gilgit Baltistan (GB) is not an exception in this regard (Hunzai, 2013), where leaders with the notion of socially responsible leadership (SRL) is the immediate relevance to address the community issues. SRL is a concept that approaches leadership as a purposeful, collaborative and value-based process, resulting in positive social changes for the betterment of the society (Komives & Wagner, 2009). Therefore, the study aimed to explore the perceptions of undergraduate students of BS VIII of Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS) at the ABC University, GB about themselves as SRLs and the practices of ABC University for developing students as socially responsible leaders (SRLs), as well as the factors/challenges which influence the SRL qualities of students in the context of GB. The study employed mixed-methods research: descriptive cross-sectional survey method and case study design. In the quantitative phase the whole population (N-123) was invited to participate, therefore, no sampling was required, while in the qualitative phase purposive sampling was used to select the six participants, with the criteria of experience of community services. The findings from the descriptive statistical analysis (responses to the 8Cs) and from the interviews illustrated that GB and ABC University have a pool of courageous youth [undergraduate students] as their greatest asset. Developing the youth population as SRL depends on the practices and facilities provided by the ABC University. The study illustrated that at the ABC University mentoring, group assignments and thesis as curricular activities, and sports week, talent hunt program, celebration of cultural events and involving students in leadership roles as the co-curricular activities are being practiced to further socialization among students resulting the enhancement in their SRL qualities. Additionally, the findings also demonstrated that sectarian issue, male dominated society, early marriage system, financial instability and lack of opportunities are the challenges for students in GB to become SRLs. The study suggests that involving students in extra-curricular activities and community service, arranging more cultural shows, networking of the ABC University with other institutions, 10 extended sports activities and working on quality education are the tools to overcome the challenges faced by students to become SRLs.