Increasing anthropogenic activities are inducing negative impact on environment as well as on human health. In the current scenario of global change, people are more conscious about natural products. Toxic chemical dyes are one of the major pollutants. Vegetable left over material are an excellent source of natural dyes. The extraction experiments results indicated that better extraction of natural colorants from different vegetables depends on the nature and concentration of extraction media. The highest concentration of colorants have been achieved for revival of natural dyes are gaining popularity among the consumers. Present work has been conducted to explore the colorant potential of vegetable residual material using different extraction media. Results showed that black carrot, red carrot, brinjal, cabbage, cauliflower, lady finger, bitter gourd, turnip, sugar beet, tomato and cucumber leaves in 2% acidified methanol, in 9.0 g NaOH, in 4% acidified methanol, 3% acidified methanol, in 100% methanol, in 2% of acid, in 3% of acid, in 2% of acidified methanol, in 5% methanolic KOH, in 80% methanol and in 2% methanolic KOH, respectively gave maximum colorant in term of highly significant results. Among all plants, tomato and cucumber leaves gave minimum colorant solubility in all extraction media. Optimization of varying dyeing parameters such as time, temperature, salt concentration, material to liquor ratio and pH of best dye extracts has been performed to investigate the optimized dyeing conditions. Using optimized dye extracts, chemical and bio pre and post mordanting has been performed to achieve different color shades onto mordanted cotton fabrics. Bio mordanting comparatively produced darker shade on cotton fabrics than chemical mordanting. Optimized chemical and bio pre and post mordanted fabrics showed excellent rating of light, washing, dry and wet rubbing fastness. Qualitative phytochemical determination of vegetable residues showed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, glycosides, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, fats and sugars respectively. FTIR showed the confirmation of phytochemicals by presence of functional groups, like hydroxyl group, alkenes, alkane, ketones and aromatic groups in vegetable dye extract. The dyed cotton fabrics and vegetable dye extracts showed remarkable antimicrobial activity. The vegetable based dyes could be eco-friendly replacement of hazardous dyes.
خان بہادر میجر محمد یسیٰن خان صاحب ناغڑ میجر محمد یسیٰن خاں صاحب مرحوم ندوۃ المصنفین کے قدیم ترین معاون تو تھے ہی ادارے کی خدمات کوبھی نہایت قدرومنزلت کی نظر سے دیکھتے تھے۔ ادارے سے مرحوم کی وابستگی ندوۃ المصنفین کے مخلص ترین محسن مرتضیٰ صاحب مرحوم کے واسطے سے ہوئی تھی دونوں میں قابل رشک مخلصانہ تعلقات تھے، سید صاحب ہی کے ذریعہ مرحوم کے کارکنان ادارہ سے روابط بڑھے اور پھر یہ روابط بڑھتے ہی چلے گئے، تھوڑی دیر کے لیے بھی دہلی تشریف لاتے تو ندوۃ المصنفین کے دفتر میں ضرورآتے۔ ممبری کی فیس اداکرنے میں بھی بے مثال تھے۔ ان کاشمار ادارے کے اُن چند گنے چنے معاونوں میں ہوتاتھا جووقت سے پہلے کسی یاددہانی کے بغیر شوق وذوق سے سالانہ فیس دیتے ہیں۔ ایک پوتے کی المناک شہادت کی خبر تواس مضمون میں ہے، کم وبیش دو سال قبل ان کا دوسرا جوان پوتا دنیا سے رخصت ہواتوبڑاہی دردناک خط آیا تھا، میں نے تعزیت نامے میں اپنے عزیز ترین ہونہار پوتے کی حسرت ناک وفات کاذکر کیا توان کو بڑی تسلی ہوئی تھی اور اُس تاثر کااظہار انھوں نے ایک طویل مکتوب میں کیا تھا۔ پچھلے دنوں حباب آفرید صاحب کامکتوب آیاجس میں زیر نظرمضمون کاتذکرہ کیاتھا، یہ میجر صاحب مرحوم کوندوۃ المصنفین اورہم لوگوں سے جوغیر معمولی تعلق تھااس کے پیش نظر میں نے حباب صاحب کومضمون بھیجنے کے لیے لکھ دیا، مضمون ہراعتبار سے سبق آموز ہے اور اسی لیے برہان میں شریک اشاعت کیا جا رہا ہے۔ (ع) جئیے پہاڑی سے یوسف بھائی کے الم نامہ نے غمزدہ دل کوہمیشہ کے لیے سوگوار کردیا کہ’’آپ کویہ دردناک خبر پڑھ کربے حد افسوس ورنج ہوگا کہ والد بزرگوار میجر محمد یسیٰن خاں کچھ دنوں کی علالت کے بعد اس عالم فانی سے مورخہ ۱۴/ اگست ۱۹۷۸ء/۹رمضان بروز پیر...
Marriage is a preamble of human life. The human society builds its façade on the characteristics of this unit. Humanity has been granted with divine rules for a successful life. The latest version of divine rules are conveyed through Islam and presented by the Holy Prophet Muhammad of benefits everlasting and grand the declared Islam of history Early. (صلى الله عليه وسلم) these rules in all nooks and corners of life; as Qur’ān and Ḥadīth prominences the trend of in-time marriages to ensure the tangible merits of life. Qur’ān declares marriage as ‘God given relationship’, ‘order from God’, ‘A lawful manner’, ‘Firm covenant’, ‘Love and compassion’, ‘Chastity of life’, ‘Right of women and Sign of safety’ and along with it, as marriage emphasizes (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Muhammad Prophet the of traditions the depicting it a ‘Half of religion’, ‘Protection of eyes’, ‘Prevention of character from corruption’, ‘source of Devil’s desperation’ etc. Owing to this stress of in-time marriages, a Muslim society is not supposed to delay or ignore in time marriages. But in present era, the trend of delaying in making marriages or ignoring the importance of in-time marriages is observing everywhere. This delay in making in-time marriages of young generation shows the weaknesses of faith and confidence in life. It is also the cause of many physical diseases and mental disorders. It destroys the best capabilities and abilities of young force. This paper highlights the importance of timely marriages, strength of married-couple life and damages of late marriage so that the requisite of Islam to form the society on the desired shape may be fulfilled. Lastly, this article emphasizes the need to review/change the social behavior regarding late marriages it also emphasizes the need to review/change the social behavior regarding late marriages and a herald to initiate some sorts of laws for making in-time marriages in society so that prevailing damages due to late marriages can be curtailed.
Language, Communication and Gender Relations in Pakistan Society This qualitative-quantitative study explores the role of gender in female-male conversational styles in the local context of Pakistani society. The sociolinguistic approach to the study of language, communication and gender helps in analysing the differences in conversational styles across gender and tracing out their causes. For this purpose, different feminist ideologies and theories articulating the same voice of gender's role in communication and differences in conversational styles across gender are also used in order to understand the existing views. Thus, the main premise of this empirical research is how the awareness about differences in conversational styles across gender could help to minimize the disputes caused by misunderstanding each other's conversational styles. Tannen believes that women and men belong to two different cultures and her Theory of Genderlect Styles (1990) proposes that communication across gender is cross cultural communication. Furthermore, Tannen assumes that women seek 'intimacy' and men look for 'status' while communicating and thus misunderstand each other. In order to improve the social relations, Tannen focuses on understanding each other's conversational styles instead of assuming each other superior or inferior. In order to see if genderlect styles cause the same problems in communication process as they are observed in American society, Tannen's postulations regarding female and male conversational styles are examined in the local social and cultural aspect of Pakistani society. After confirming the existence of differences in conversational styles of women and men, this research provides an insight to the communication problems caused by these differences. Intimacy is meant to be achieved but that is not the only purpose of communication. Women's desire for 'identity' and men's attempt to maintain their `power' seems to complicate their communication process. This study is an attempt to familiarize people about these differences so that their social relations in all spheres of life could be improved for the wholesome development of the Pakistani society.