Diet based regimen is considered as an imperative approach to mitigate physiological dysfunctions. In this regard, red beetroot (Beta vulgaris) possesses significant antioxidant activity attributed to its biologically active betalains for the management of lifestyle related disorders. Purposely, present research was planned to assess the prophylactic potential of dietary beetroot supplementation in delaying hepatic and renal stress. In this respect, red beetroot was evaluated for proximate composition followed by extraction of bioactive moieties using solvents; ethanol, water and ethanol:water (1:1) at different time intervals i.e. 20, 40 and 60 min. Resultantly, extracts obtained at 40 min using ethanol:water depicted highest total phenolics (182.98±3.47 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (51.84±1.22 mg CE/g), betacyanins (69.69±2.36 mg/g), betaxanthins (35.41±2.25 mg/g) and total betalains (105.10±4.61 mg/g). Likewise, highest antioxidant activities were also exhibited by ethanol:water based extracts recovered at 40 min as evident from 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (78.12±1.03%), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) (1.93±0.05 mM Fe2+/g) and 2,2''-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) (5.08±0.46 mM TE/g) assays. Hence, this extract was further used to prepare nutraceutical beetroot drink. In product development, three beetroot beverages namely beetroot juice (T1), functional beetroot drink (T2) and nutraceutical beetroot drink (T3) were prepared and assessed during storage. Amongst, T3 and T1 represented better physicochemical, antioxidant and sensory attributes during storage. Accounting this, beetroot juice (BJ) and nutraceutical beetroot drink (BND) were subjected to bioevaluation trial for assessing their prophylactic role against hepatic and renal stress. In bioefficacy, three studies comprising of normal (study I), hepatotoxic (study II) and renotoxic (study III) rats were reared in three groups in each study serving as control, BJ and BND treated animals, respectively. The biochemical markers exhibited non-momentous variations amongst the groups in study I whereas, momentous differences in biochemical markers of rats in study II and III. The provision of BJ & BND showed marked reduction in lipid peroxidation status of hepatic (32.51 & 27.22%; study II) and renal (19.23 & 23.09%; study III) tissues, respectively compared to respective control. Similarly, lowered nitric oxide levels were noted in BJ and BND treated rats (study III) as 11.32 and 8.56%, respectively. Considerably higher superoxide dismutase (28.12 & 25.33%) and catalase (21.43 & 24.21%) activities were noticed in hepatic tissues of rats in study II on pretreatment with BJ & BND, relatively. Likewise, renal tissues of BJ & BND treated rats demonstrated elevated superoxide dismutase (18.92 & 21.45%) and catalase (11.98 & 15.21%) activities, correspondingly with respect to renotoxic control. Amongst serum hepatic health biomarkers, BND treatment showed 25.39, 22.05, 26.02 & 24.07% whilst, BJ indicated 21.45, 19.23, 23.52 & 22.41% lower levels of ALT, AST, ALP & bilirubin, respectively than control (study II). Besides, reduced serum urea (19.47 & 23.19%) and creatinine (16.30 & 21.74%) values were expressed by BJ & BND treated renotoxic rats (study III). In contrary, total proteins, albumins and globulins were higher by 8.79, 8.64 and 8.96%, respectively in BJ whilst, 11.21, 10.96 and 11.47% in BND treated renotoxic rats compared to positive control. Histological assessment of liver and kidney tissues also indicated prophylactic role of beetroot based beverages in preserving cellular portfolio. Conclusively, dietary supplementation of red beetroot has shown effectual therapeutic control of oxidative stress mediated hepatic and renal dysfunctions. Hence, red beetroot based products should be encouraged in routine diet to alleviate lifestyle related disorders with special reference to liver and kidney health.
1۔ حکومت کو چاہیے کہ ماحولیاتی آلودگی کا سبب بننے والی تمام فیکٹریوں، پلانٹس اور گاڑیوں کیخلاف بلا تفریق کاروائی یقینی بنائے تب ہی ملک میں ماحولیاتی آلودگی میں واضح کمی کی توقع کی جاسکتی ہے۔
2-موسمیاتی تبدیلیوں سے ہم آہنگ جدید ٹیکنالوجی (ڈرپ، سپرنکلز آبپاشی، لیزر لینڈ لیولنگ، ٹنل فارمنگ وغیرہ) کو فروغ دیا جائے۔ معاشرے میں ہر سطح پر پانی کو کفایت شعاری کے ساتھ استعمال کے لیے شعور اجاگر کرنا وقت کا اہم تقاضا ہے۔
3۔ قدرتی وسائل کے تحفظ کے بارے میں تعلیماتِ اسلامی کو بذریعہ میڈیا، درسی نصاب، سیمینارز، مضامین، خطباتِ جمعہ وغیرہ کے ذریعے معاشرے میں عام کیا جائے۔
4۔ فیکٹریوں اور موٹر گاڑیوں سے خارج ہونے والی آلودگی میں کمی کیلئے ٹھوس اقدامات کئے جائیں۔ ٹریٹمنٹ پلانٹس کی تنصیب بغیر چلنے والے کارخانے بند کر دیئے جائیں۔ معاشی ترقی و خوشحالی کی آڑ میں فضائی آلودگی پھیلانے کی اجازت دینا قتل عام کی اجازت کے مترادف ہے۔
5۔ زیر زمین پانی، نہروں، دریاؤں اور سمندر کا پانی آلودہ کرنے والے کارخانوں کے خلاف تادیبی اور بلاامتیاز کاروائی ہونی چاہیے۔ کیمیکل زدہ اور آلودہ پانی زمین میں انجیکٹ کرنا قومی جرم قرار دیا جائے۔
6۔ زیادہ سے زیادہ آبی ذخائر تعمیر کرنے کے ساتھ ساتھ سمندری پانی کو صاف کرنے کی ٹھوس منصوبہ بندی کی جائے۔ غیر یقینی بارشوں کا پانی محفوظ بنانے کے لئے مقامی اور علاقائی سطح پر منصوبہ بندی کی جائے۔
7۔ ناقابل تجدید قدرتی وسائل مثلاً تیل اور کوئلے کے استعمال سے ممکن حد تک پرہیز کیا جائے جو دنیا بھر میں توانائی کے حصول کے بڑے ذرائع ہیں۔ کوئلے اور تیل پر حد سے زیادہ انحصار سے آب و ہوا میں منفی تبدیلیاں...
This article seeks to explore the application of the halal industry in the production of Salai Patin fish in the Kampung Patin Koto Masjid Tourism village, Kampar Regency. Many factors can influence the successful implementation of the halal industry, including understanding the concept of halal, the urgent need to develop the Islamic economy, and the profile of Kampung Patin Tourism Village as the center of Patin Fish production. The process of implementing the halal industry begins with awareness and training. Ensuring that catfish business actors understand the sharia principles underlying halal products. Halal certification is an important step to convince consumers that Salai Patin fish products meet the standards of purity and halalness. Collaboration with halal certification bodies and authorized government agencies is also a key factor in maintaining product integrity and quality. The prospect of the halal industry promises sustainable economic growth in Kampung Patin Tourism Village, with the expectation that salai patin fish products can present wider business opportunities, both in local and international markets. This development will support the increasingly globalized idea of sharia economy, changing people's perception of Islam as a religion that is rahmatan lil alamin.
Biological sequence comparison is fundamental in extracting information that is valuable in applications such as protein structure prediction, predicting structural similarity, phylogenic analysis, homology detection, function prediction and discovering evolutionary relationship. Besides biologists, numerous researchers like mathematicians, statistician and even computer scientists attracted largely towards sequence analysis because of its involvement in various important applications. Protein classi cation is one of the major areas of research in recent years. Despite technological advances, classifying proteins accurately is still a big challenge. In this work, werst introduce an ant-inspired data mining approach for protein classi cation problem to investigate the e ectiveness of rulesbased approach. Supervised classi cation mechanism along with data mining concepts establishes compact and e cient rules classifying proteins into its correct family. Towards biological sequence analysis, we propose ASIF, a novel algorithm that consists of an alignment algorithm ASIFALIGN and a mathematical model (dASIF ) quantifying the sequence alignment. The proposed approach is based on intra-residue-distance and a plausible (unbiased) penalty factor. A standard dataset of DNA sequences are tested that produces reliable and robust sequence dissimilarities/similarities. Moreover, the proposed approach is used to construct a phylogenetic tree. Phylogenetic trees constructed by our approach outperform other methods. In addition, the proposed approach is applied to protein secondary structure classi cation problem. A dataset of twelve secondary structures are used to validate the distance matrix for classi cation purpose generated by the new alignment algorithm and a mathematical model. Results produced by the new scoring model are very much encouraging which shows reliability of our approach. Our approach not only provides a solid ground for its applications but also performs the fundamental job of dissimilarities/similarities calculation at a reasonable computational complexity. Results reveal the signi cance of our approach and provide a basis of the proposed model to be adopted for other biological applications such as protein function prediction, homology detection and protein fold recognition problem. I would like to dedicate this thesis to My Father (A strong and gentle soul who taught me to trust in ALLAH, believe in hard work and rest assure for the best of the results), My Mother (late)(For being myrst mentor and a true guide in shape of her beautiful memories and love), My Brothers, Sisters and Family (For supporting and encouraging throughout my studies and research).