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Expression Profiling of Huanglongbing Disease in Citrus Though Molecular Techniques

Thesis Info

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Author

Rozina Aslam

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Biochemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9657/1/Rozina_Aslam_Biochemistry_UAF_2016.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726173547

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Huanglongbing (HLB), also called greening, is a fatal disease of citrus. Candidatus Liberibacter, a Gram negative and non culturable bacterium, is the pathogen of huanglongbing. It becomes difficult to detect this bacterium because it is unevenly distributed in its citrus hosts.The bacteria are transmitted naturally to citrus by an insect vector called citrus psyllid. Hussain and Nath documented the occurrence of HLB and its related vector Diaphorina citri Kuwayama in Pakistan in 1927.In this study, 97 accessions of citrus germplasm were raised in greenhouse. of 97 accessions, 51 were survived. The seed of citrus germplasm was obtained from National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, Riverside, California, USA and University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Pakistan. For HLB diagnosis in the leaf samples of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) cultivar Succari from field, conventional polymerase chain reaction technique was employed. Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) was captured from HLB positive sweet orange field trees and released on healthy plants of sweet orange and kinnow for rearing and infestation in the controlled conditions of growth room. Those plants were also tested for their HLB positivity by using 16s rDNA primers OI1/OI2c and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus specific primer A2/J5. After confirmation of HLB, sweet orange plants infested by ACP in growth room, were usedfor the inoculation of fifty one genotypes of citrus and citrus relatives. Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus was detected in 96.07% of the inoculated citrus germplasm by Taqman based real time PCR using primers set HLBasfpr.SYBR green based real time qPCR was performed to differentiate expression of genes in HLB infected and healthy leaf samples of forty five genotypes of citrus and its relatives. Seven genes, includingsulfate transferase (CsSULF), glucose-1-phosphate adenyl transferase (CsSB1), granule bound starch synthase (CsSB2), alpha amylase (CsSD1), alpha amylase 3 (CsSD2), beta amylase9 (CsSD3) and cytochrome P450 mono oxygenase 83B1(CsSUR2) were tested for expression profiling. Gene expression data analysis for relative quantity represented the down regulation ofcarbohydrate metabolism related genes (CsSB1and CsSD3) in Clausena harmandiana while transporter gene CsSULF expressed at equal level in healthy and diseased Glycosmis pentaphylla. Remaining genes did not express in both of the varieties. These two genotypes may be placed in tolerant category against HLB as the causal bacterium was not detected in them. In Tahitian and Schuab, no gene was amplified except CsSULF gene that was down regulated indicating strong root system for plant survival.
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علامہ شبلی نعمانی

علامہ شبلی نعمانی تعمذہ اﷲ برحمۃ

(اکثر حضرات ہم سے علامہ مرحوم کے حالاتِ زندگی کے طالب ہیں، بہار اسٹوڈنٹس کانفرنس نے علامہ مرحوم پر سب سے بہتر مضمون نگار کے لیے انعام مقرر کیا، سوانح و حالات کے لیے اکثر اشخاص کے خطوط آتے ہیں، مطول لائف تو جب لکھی جائے گی، اس وقت اس مختصر رسالہ پر قناعت کرتے ہیں کہ منتظر احباب کو زحمت انتظار سے کسی قدر نجات مل سکے، اس مضمون سے پنجاب کے ان بعض اخبارات کی تحریروں کی تصیح بھی ہوجائے گی، جو حادثۂ وفات کی تقریب نے مولانا کے مرحوم کے سوانح زندگی کے متعلق انھوں نے لکھی تھیں)

          اسلام کا گہرا بادل ایک ہزار سال سے برابر ہندوستان کی اقلیم پر مصروف بارش ہے، کتنی بار بادل ابرنیساں بن کر برسا اور اس عجائب زار ہند کا دامن لعل و گہر سے بھرگیا لیکن ۱۸۵۷؁ء میں سارے ملک پر ایک خونی بادل نے تراوش کی، جس سے ہر جگہ تو خون برسا، لیکن کہیں کہیں خون کے قطروں کے بجائے سرخ یاقوت کے دانے برسے، جن میں سے ایک کو قدرت نے شبلی کے نام سے موسوم کیا۔

          ہندوستان کی سیر حاصل زمین نے علوم و فنون میں جو بالیدگی پیدا کی، اس کی تفصیل کا یہ موقع نہیں، تاہم مختلف دروں میں جو کلام و اسرارِ شریعت میں بحرِؔالعلوم اور شاہ ولی اﷲ، ادب و معانی میں قاضی عبدالمقتدر، ملک العلماء دولت آبادی، اور ملا محمود جونپوری، فلسفہ و منطق میں ملا نظام الدین اور ملا محب اﷲ بہاری، ادب و شاعری میں مسعود سعد سلمان، خسرو اور فیضی، تاریخ و خبر میں ضیا برنی، ابوالفضل اور آزاد بلگرامی کو پیدا کیا، لیکن اس کی آغوش کا آخری فرزند (شبلی) وہ تھا جو ملا محمود بھی...

ازدواجی زندگی میں عورت کا مقام: ادیان عالم اور معروف تہذیبوں کا ایک تحقیقی و تقابلی جائزہ

In our existing society marital life is going to be distress and unbalanced, the media has affected our family life, very badly. The question is being raised, that there is no importance of a woman in Islam, whereas a man has fully control over a woman. Further, the bill of protection for a woman is being discussed openly on media, which has created many complications and difficulties. In this regard, the help has been taken from the Islamic teachings (Qur┐n and Ah┐dīth), and as well as, the status of a woman has been analyzed in the light of the other religions and cultures, to clear the serious and significant matters of this draft. Islam is a nonviolent and peaceful religion, and no space for any kind of brutality. If any person himself claimed to be a Muslim, and tries to relate his own harmful thoughts with Islamic teachings, it will be his own view, whereas, Islam has no room such type of thing

پاکستانی انشائیہ نگاروں کے اسالیب کا تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ 1960: تا حال

In the second half of the twentieth century, different intellectual, literary, empirical and political movements revolutionized people's general perceptions and attitude in the subcontinent. Moreover, their ideologies, experiences and modern arts and sciences also adopted new shapes and directions. This was the time when the writers of this era also began to look for new methods of expression. In this quest, where they explored several forms of expression and communication, they also invented inshaa'iya. Like other forms of art, it also took its structure from west. During last forty years, there has been made quite a significant development in the writing and style of Urdu inshaa'iya. However, this literary form has met criticism than any other form of Urdu literature in this short span. The reason behind this is the inshaa'iya writers themselves who have used this form in their own varied ways, in fact, termed their work as inshaa'iya although, at times, it lacked the essence of inshaa'iya. Therefore, for a long time, the boundaries of humour, satire and inshaasiya could not be set. One piece of writing would have all the three forms blended in it. Amidst all this appeared Dr. Wazir Agha as an inshaal iya writer who very aptly defined the categorical boundaries of inshaa'iya. If we analyse the progress made up till now in the field of inshaa'iya. We shall find outstanding and worth appreciation efforts made to explore the history and tradition of inshaa'iya writing. But the style of inshaa'iya writing hasn't been a common target among researchers and writers. Many analysts have written about the elements of style to be adopted for inshaa'iya writing, but the work is scattered and needs to be compiled. After this is required a detailed analytical study of the individual styles of Urdu inshaa'iya writers since no significant effort has been made yet in this regard. A collective study of the history of inshaa‘iya and the inshaa'iya writers' style would present a compact picture of inshaa'iya which will help define the significance of this prose form in Urdu literature. In the light of what is written earlier, it becomes apparent that the study of the styles of inshaa.iya writers is certainly required and that their exploration will lead to the exploration of an important chapter in the history of literature. Analysis of the styles of the inshaa' iya writers of the early era of inshaa'iya writing.