Present research project was an attempt to explore the functional/nutraceutical worth of locally grown green tea variety (Qi-Men) against lifestyle-related disorders. For the purpose, green tea catechins and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were characterized and subsequently utilized for the preparation of functional drink and then tested in experimental rats modeling. Regarding chemical composition, green tea is rich in polyphenols with special reference to flavonoids including catechins. Among minerals, potassium and calcium were present in substantial amount whilst sodium, manganese, iron and zinc in relatively less quantity. Optimization of extraction conditions was carried out using various solvents (aqueous ethanol, aqueous methanol, water) and time intervals (20, 40, 60 min) to improve extraction efficiency of catechins. EGCG, a major fraction of green tea catechins was also separated through solvent partition method. HPLC quantification of catechin fractions revealed that maximum amount of epigallocatechin (EGC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epicatechin (EC) was extracted with aqueous ethanol at 40 min. In vitro analysis for antioxidant activity and DPPH radical scavenging ability of catechins and EGCG proved their excellent antioxidant potential. Based on the results of extraction efficiency, HPLC analysis and in vitro tests, one best treatment from extracted catechins was selected for the preparation of functional drink (Green Cool). In product development phase, three functional drinks were prepared i.e catechins containing drink, EGCG enriched drink and a control for comparison purpose. Drinks were subjected to physico-chemical analysis during two months storage that showed non-substantial effect on total soluble solids (TSS) whilst pH and acidity were affected significantly. Color of the drinks measured through CIELAB system, affected non-momentously. Hedonic response of the functional drinks remained acceptable during storage. Efficacy trials were carried out in male Sprague Dawley rats to explore the nutraceutical worth of drinks against ailments arising due to unhealthy lifestyle. For the purpose, four studies were performed on the basis of various diets given to rats i.e. study I (normal diet), study II (high cholesterol diet), study III (high sucrose diet), study IV (high cholesterol + high sucrose diet). Functional drinks containing catechins and EGCG resulted in significant reduction in body weight of rats indicating their effectiveness against obesity and allied discrepancies. Maximum reduction in body weight gain was in study II and III i.e. 10.73 to 8.49 % and 10.12 to 10.49% in groups consumed catechins and EGCG, respectively. Likewise, cholesterol and LDL were substantially reduced by functional drinks however, effect was more pronounced in catechins group in which 14.42% decrease was observed in study IV and 30.43% in study II, respectively. HDL was non-significantly affected by the treatments. Triglycerides were also reduced by drinks carrying bioactive molecules in rats provided diets rich in cholesterol and sucrose. Serum glucose and insulin levels were also mitigated by functional drinks containing catechins and EGCG. Similarly, antioxidant potential was improved as indicated by elevated serum glutathione level and decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) via both drinks containing catechins and EGCG but latter was more effectual for the purpose. Organs to body weight ratio remained unaffected by functional drinks. Furthermore, serum biochemistry values were within normal range revealing safety of use. From the present investigation, it is deduced that drinks supplemented with catechins and EGCG are effective against obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia and oxidative stress therefore, can be a part of diet based therapy for attenuation of lifestyle-related disorders.
ہم زندہ قوم ہیں نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب شاہینو! آج مجھے جس موضوع پر لب کشائی کا موقع مل رہا ہے وہ ہے:’’ہم زندہ قوم ہیں‘‘ صدرِذی وقار! زندگی جہاں بھی ہو حرکت کی علامت ہے۔ حرکت ہے تو زندگی ہے، حیات ہے، زیست ہے، زندگی کی اپنی برکات ہوتی ہیں، جن کی اپنی رعنائیاں ہوتی ہیں، زندگی کے اپنے نشیب و فراز ہوتے ہیں، زندگی کا تصور ہی دلفریب مناظر کا داعی ہوتا ہے۔ جنابِ صدر! گل ٔپژ مردہ باعث نفرین ہوتا ہے، عروق مردہ کو حیات ِنو بخشنے کے لیے کافی تگ و دو کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے، مفلوج زدہ عضو کی بحالی کے لیے نظر یں کسی مسیحا کی متلاشی ہوتی ہیں، خزاں رسیدہ شجر پر بہار کی آمد نوید مسرت سے کم نہیں ہوتی۔ جنابِ صدر! زندگی رات کی تنہائیوں میں آئے تو بدر کامل کا احساس دلاتی ہے، زندگی فلک کی رفعتوں میں پہنچے تو آفتاب بن کر چمکتی ہے، زندگی بحرِ ظلمات میں غواّصی کرے تو نا خدا کا وجود بن جاتی ہے، زندگی اقوام میں اپنے وجود کا احساس دلائے تو اس گیتی کے ماتھے کا جھومر ثابت ہوتی ہے۔ صدرِذی وقار! اللہ کا شکر ہے کہ ہم زندہ قوم ہیں ، ہمارے افکار زندہ ہیں، ہمارے اطوار زندہ ہیں، ہماری سوچیںمثبت ہیں، ہمارے نوجوان حیات وزیست کا مجسمہ ہیں، ہمارے اسلاف کی نصائح زندگی کو تابندگی فراہم کرتی ہیں، ہمارے شعور علم وآگا ہی کانمونہ ثابت ہوتے ہیں۔ اس قوم کو شمشیر کی حاجت نہیں رہتی ہو جس کے جوانوں کی خودی صورتِ فولاد جنابِ صدر! ہمارا مجاہد سرحدوں پر زندہ ہے، ہمارا منصف انصاف کی کرسی پر زندہ ہے، ہمارا کسان...
Inheritance is a key issue in the Islamic Knowledge base. Its importance has been clarified in Qur’an and Sunnah. The Holy Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) has referred to it as half of the knowledge and has ordered of seeking inheritance and warned that this will be eliminated first from my Ummah, and also notified that this is volatile nature of knowledge which get lost after memorization if not fully cared and practiced. In the light of above mentioned Hadīths it is worth consideration to make knowledge of Inheritance practicable in everyday life. A reason could be that the arithmetic means used for the solution of Inheritance problems is complicated and time consuming. There it is important to introduce such easy and short arithmetic rules for the solution of Inheritance problem that are easily understandable by both the scholars as well as the common man. This will result in making Inheritance easy to handle and hence will become practicable. In a hadith it is stated that near the day of judgement there will be a conflict between two persons in an Inheritance issue and they will not find a scholar to resolve their problem. In this Article an Introduction and comparison of old and new easy arithmetic principles are made in scholarly manner to introduce new easy methods and draw the attention of the people to such a valuable knowledge and relieve the Phobia of the people regarding it.
The recent expansion in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data is providing a large production potential in the course of the new era of smart urban. The IoT infrastructure for the design of smart urban consists of devices, objects, sensors and citizens producing huge gigantic data (i.e. Big Data). IoT-based smart urban environment provides the digital traces of human and objects that can be analyzed. The major aim of smart urban is to efficiently utilize the data to administer and resolve the issuesconfront by recent smart cities regarding data processing.This study presents Hadoop-based Big Data analytics architecture to address the challenges in data generated in IoT environment. The proposed architecture is based on customization of Hadoop architecture and external entities to efficiently process Big Data generated in IoT environment. The proposed scheme is comprised of Big Data loading into Hadoop and Big Data processing. The existing solutions provide manual and serial data injection into Hadoop. Moreover, the existing solutions do not tackle the communication overhead efficiently that affects the processing. Data loading and storing is performed by proposing parallel and utility-oriented solution based on multiple attributes. Unlike traditional MapReduce architecture, customized YARN-based cluster management solution is provided to manage the cluster resourcesefficiently and process the data using Map-Reduce algorithm separately. The proposed architecture is tested with a variety of reliable datasets using Hadoop framework. The comparison of proposed architecture with existing solutions and default architecture of Hadoop is provided to verify and reveal that the proposed architecture is more efficient then existing smart urban architecture using Big Data analytics for processing data produced in IoT-environment.