Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Extraction of Green Tea Catechins for the Preparation of Functional Drink: Correlation With Lifestyle-Related Disorders

Extraction of Green Tea Catechins for the Preparation of Functional Drink: Correlation With Lifestyle-Related Disorders

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Rabia Shabir Ahmad

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2010

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/684

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726176807

Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.

Similar


Present research project was an attempt to explore the functional/nutraceutical worth of locally grown green tea variety (Qi-Men) against lifestyle-related disorders. For the purpose, green tea catechins and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were characterized and subsequently utilized for the preparation of functional drink and then tested in experimental rats modeling. Regarding chemical composition, green tea is rich in polyphenols with special reference to flavonoids including catechins. Among minerals, potassium and calcium were present in substantial amount whilst sodium, manganese, iron and zinc in relatively less quantity. Optimization of extraction conditions was carried out using various solvents (aqueous ethanol, aqueous methanol, water) and time intervals (20, 40, 60 min) to improve extraction efficiency of catechins. EGCG, a major fraction of green tea catechins was also separated through solvent partition method. HPLC quantification of catechin fractions revealed that maximum amount of epigallocatechin (EGC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epicatechin (EC) was extracted with aqueous ethanol at 40 min. In vitro analysis for antioxidant activity and DPPH radical scavenging ability of catechins and EGCG proved their excellent antioxidant potential. Based on the results of extraction efficiency, HPLC analysis and in vitro tests, one best treatment from extracted catechins was selected for the preparation of functional drink (Green Cool). In product development phase, three functional drinks were prepared i.e catechins containing drink, EGCG enriched drink and a control for comparison purpose. Drinks were subjected to physico-chemical analysis during two months storage that showed non-substantial effect on total soluble solids (TSS) whilst pH and acidity were affected significantly. Color of the drinks measured through CIELAB system, affected non-momentously. Hedonic response of the functional drinks remained acceptable during storage. Efficacy trials were carried out in male Sprague Dawley rats to explore the nutraceutical worth of drinks against ailments arising due to unhealthy lifestyle. For the purpose, four studies were performed on the basis of various diets given to rats i.e. study I (normal diet), study II (high cholesterol diet), study III (high sucrose diet), study IV (high cholesterol + high sucrose diet). Functional drinks containing catechins and EGCG resulted in significant reduction in body weight of rats indicating their effectiveness against obesity and allied discrepancies. Maximum reduction in body weight gain was in study II and III i.e. 10.73 to 8.49 % and 10.12 to 10.49% in groups consumed catechins and EGCG, respectively. Likewise, cholesterol and LDL were substantially reduced by functional drinks however, effect was more pronounced in catechins group in which 14.42% decrease was observed in study IV and 30.43% in study II, respectively. HDL was non-significantly affected by the treatments. Triglycerides were also reduced by drinks carrying bioactive molecules in rats provided diets rich in cholesterol and sucrose. Serum glucose and insulin levels were also mitigated by functional drinks containing catechins and EGCG. Similarly, antioxidant potential was improved as indicated by elevated serum glutathione level and decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) via both drinks containing catechins and EGCG but latter was more effectual for the purpose. Organs to body weight ratio remained unaffected by functional drinks. Furthermore, serum biochemistry values were within normal range revealing safety of use. From the present investigation, it is deduced that drinks supplemented with catechins and EGCG are effective against obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia and oxidative stress therefore, can be a part of diet based therapy for attenuation of lifestyle-related disorders.
Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

شری مشرو والا

شری مشرو والا
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینہ گاندھی جی کے مشہور چیلے شری مشرو والا نے انتقال کیا، وہ ہریجن کے اڈیٹر اور گاندھی جی کے مشن کے سچے حامل و مبلغ تھے اور اس زمانہ میں جب کہ کانگریس اپنے اصولوں سے عملاً بالکل ہٹ گئی ہے اور کانگریسیوں کی اکثریت اقتدار کی ہوس، ذاتی اغراض اور فرقہ پرستی میں مبتلا ہے اور فرقہ پرستوں اور خود غرضوں کی قوت اتنی بڑھ گئی ہے کہ سچے کانگریسی بھی مشکل سے ان کے مقابلہ میں زبان کھولنے کی جرأت کرسکتے ہیں، مشرووالاجی اپنے اصولوں پر قائم تھے اور آخر دم تک نہایت دلیری کے ساتھ گانگریس کی غلط روی پر تنقید اور گاندھی جی کے اصولوں کی تبلیغ و اشاعت کا فرض انجام دیتے رہے انھوں نے ان کی تعلیمات پر متعدد کتابیں لکھی ہیں، اس خود غرضی اور فرقہ پرستی کے دور میں ایسے مخلص اور سچے کانگریسی کا اٹھ جانا ایک ناقابل تلافی نقصان ہے، ان کی موت سے متحدہ قومیت کا ایک بڑا ستون گرگیا، جس کی جگہ مدتوں نہ بھر سکے گی۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، اکتوبر ۱۹۵۲ء)

 

Exploring the Role of “Jihad” in the Establishment of Universal Peace

Jihad is an umbrella concept of Islam, but unfortunately, nowadays it is misused both as a terminology and practice in a very narrow sense. The concept of jihad is crystal clear in Islam but it has been made dubious by certain schools of thought for achieving their vested interests. Consequently differences of opinions about the definition of jihad emerged not only among the masses but also in the circles of the learned ones, hence, no agreed upon definition emerge. Due to this, questions are raised like whether jihad is synonymous to terrorism? Or what is the fundamental role of jihad in establishing universal peace? What is the modus operandi of jihad? But so far, no scholarly effort has been made to hammer this issue out in an unbiased and objective manner. Whatever has been done consist more on either argumentative encounter or defending one’s own ideological stance. For that reason this research article attempts to carry out an objective analysis of the role of jihad in the establishment of universal peace. It is hoped that this attempt of intellectual pursuit will not only be a source of guidance to the common people but will also open new avenues for research scholars in this field.

Teacher Burnout: A Leadership Perspective and Measures to Reduce It

The needs, priorities, interests and characteristics of students, parents and school management have rapidly changed around the world in the last few decades due to the easy accessibility of knowledge. There is a conflict between community expectations and teachers' aspiration in relation to the status of a teacher. In this conflict, when the teacher sees herself as helpless, powerless, alienated, and with reduced personal accomplishment and low status, this is the stage of burnout. This is a serious educational dilemma and cannot be neglected. Research reveals that burnout of human service professionals is common in all fields including teaching (Barnett et al., 1999). Burnout teachers continue their work and cause harm to their own life and the well-being of students (Dworkin, 1985 & Smith and Bourke, 1992).Timely preventive and restorative measures will help to reduce this serious dilemma. In Pakistani society, Teacher Burnout (TB) is considered a closed/neglected phenomena, as teachers do not speak about the way they are treated and what they undergo as teachers in their career due to fear of demotions and job security. However, internationally, when 22% of the professionals who are burnt out are teachers (Schaufeli, 1998 cited in Pines, 2002) and 85% of burnout teachers remain in the system (Dworkin, 2001) Pakistan cannot be excluded? Literature gives three perspectives to TB viz. psychological, sociological and psychodynamic. This study further explores a new perspective viz. TB through a leadership perspective and the ways to reduce it. The study was conducted through a qualitative multiple case study approach. Data were gathered through personal interviews, document analysis, observations and informal conversations that helped to triangulate the data drawn. Two head teachers from two private secondary schools of Karachi were the primary participants of this study. A vice-Principal and three teachers were interviewed to know their opinions and views about their head teachers' perspective. The findings of the study suggest that TB has a different definition; different factors and remedies from a leadership perspective as compared to the other three perspectives. The data provided insights as to TB with reference to educational reforms taking place. Teachers are facing problems of coping. In order to reduce this problem, schools need to plan well in advance and provide necessary skills, so that teachers become flexible. The work environment in schools should demonstrate collegiality, equal distribution of work, shared vision, empowerment and benefits to teachers so that they can balance their