Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Extremal Graphs With Respect to Degree Distance Index

Extremal Graphs With Respect to Degree Distance Index

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Kanwal, Salma

Supervisor

Ioan Tomescu

Program

PhD

Institute

Government College University

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2007

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Mathemaics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2057/1/1738S.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726178607

Join Our Whatsapp Channel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.

Similar

In Chapter 1, some necessary definitions and results from graph theory are given along with a description on the progress towards the relationship of graph theory with other sciences like chemistry. Involvement of graph theory in Chemistry has emerged as a separate science known as chemical graph theory. In Chapter 2, we study the ordering of connected graphs having small degree distances. Families of graphs that are mainly considered there are trees, unicyclic graphs, bicyclic graphs and general simple connected graphs. While giving an order- ing to these graphs having small degree distances results were proved dealing with the diameter in ascending order. In Chapter 3, using the ideas presented in last chapter trees and unicyclic con- nected graphs were separately ordered with respect to the degree distance index (in increasing order). Same technique (as in Chapter 2) was used in proving the main results of this chapter i.e. dealing with the diameter of trees (resp. unicyclic graphs). A list of four trees and four extremal unicyclic graphs is given there. In Chapter 4, lower and upper bounds on degree distance index are determined in terms of various graphical parameters like Zagreb index, order, size, diameter, radius, minimum degree, and graphs for which these bounds are attained are characterized. Chapter 5 deals with an ordering of trees having small general sum-connectivity index. In last Chapter some comments are given, in the same chapter some open problems are also proposed.

Similar Books

Similar Chapters

Similar News

Similar Articles

Similar Article Headings

المبحث السادس: الغزل وبروين شاکر

المبحث السادس: الغزل وبروين شاکر

 بروین شاکر التي لھا المکانۃ والمنزلۃ المرموقۃ في ساحۃ الأدب والشعر فھي حاولت بقدر ما تستطیع أن تکون لنفسھا مکاناً في میدان الغزل والمنظومات۔۔ وخاصۃ بوجود فھمیدۃ ریاض التي تم التعرف علیھا والشاعرۃ کشور ناھید، فکان وجودھا فخراً وعزۃ للمجتمع الباکستاني وکان یحتاج الکثیر من الجھد من شاعرتنا بروین شاکر حتی تکون لنفسھا مکانۃ وتعطي لمکانتھا الحق اللائق بما یُناسب شخصیتھا وشرفھا۔

کشور ناهيد

 ولدت ھذہ الشاعرۃ المعروفۃ في الھند في 3 فبرایر في عام 1940م فھي تتحدث في أشعارھا عن المرأۃ وما تلاقي من مظالم۔ فکانت تتناول المرأۃ الباکستانیۃ خاصۃ والمرأۃ الأخریٰ عامۃً، ولھا الأعمال الشعریۃ الرائعۃ في الغزل والمنظومات، ولھا الدواوین والمجموعات الشعریۃ الممتازۃ۔ والشاعرۃ پروین شاکر علی نمط شعرائنا المعروفین وخاصۃ الشعر الرومانسي والعاطفي، ومن أھم شعراء الغزل الرومانسي أختر شیراني، فیض، فراز، ساحر لدھیانوي وپروین شاکر۔

دعونا نتعرف علی هؤلاء الشخصيات

أختر شيراني

 شاعر الأردو، محمد داود خان ولد في عائلۃ(راجبوت) عاش في لاھور، وکان والدہ البروفیسور محمود شیرانی أستاذ اللغۃ الفارسیۃ في أحد ثانویات لاھور وُلد أختر شیراني في 1905م وتوفي فی عام 1948م۔

أحمد فراز

ولد في 4 ینایر 9131م وتوفي في 25 أغسطس في 2008 وقد حصل علی المجستیر في اللغۃ الأردیہ والفارسیۃ، وحصل علی الجائزۃ في (آدم جي ادبي ایوارڈ) عام 1988م، وعلی جائزۃ أخری عام 1990م وقد اشتمل النصاب التعلیمي علی بعض أعمالہ الأدبیۃ في جامعۃ (علی گڑھ) وجامعۃ (بشاور)۔

فيض أحمد فيض

 وھذہ الشخصیۃ المعروفۃ لھا المکانۃ في الساحۃ الأدبیۃ والشعر بعد الإقبال [1]في الشعر الأردو، وقد ولد قبل قيام الباکستان عام 1911م في مدینۃ (سیالکوت) في بیت عزِ وشرفٍ، وحصل...

Shrinking Civic Space in Pakistan: Response and Strategies of the Civil Society

This paper focuses the issue of shrinking civic space in Pakistan. The study presents civil society activists’ responses on this issue, highlights their perception, present and future strategies to address this issue, and their effectiveness, as such, as well. Pakistan presents a unique case due to its involvement in the ‘war on terror’ and the consequences being faced by both the state and society at large. Present shrinking of civil society action is directly linked with it. In an attempt to grapple with the problems emerging from ‘war on terror’, the overgrown state is encroaching upon citizens’ space, thus denying the civil society to play its due role which can provide safety for the state as well. The preferred strategies of the NGOs include lobbying with parliamentarians and mobilizing the citizenry about the situation.

Higher-Order Techniques for Heat Equation Subject to Non-Local Specifications

Higher-order numerical techniques are developed for the solution of (i) homogeneous heat equation u t = u xx and (ii) inhomogeneous heat equation u t = u xx + s(x, t) subject to initial condition u(x, 0) = f (x), 0 < x < 1, boundary condition u(0, t) = g(t)0 < t ≤ T and with non-local boundary condition(s) (i) b 0 u(x, t)dx = M (t) 0 < t ≤ T, 0 < b < 1 (ii) u(0, t) = (iii) u(1, t) = 1 0 φ(x, t)u(x, t)dx + g 1 (t), 0 < t ≤ T and 1 0 ψ(x, t)u(x, t)dx + g 2 (t), 0 < t ≤ T as appropriate. The integral conditions are approximated using Simpson’s 1 3 rule while the space derivatives are approximated by higher-order finite difference approxi- mations. Then method of lines, semidiscritization approach, is used to trans- form the model partial differential equations into systems of first-order linear ordinary differential equations whose solutions satisfy recurrence relations in- volving matrix exponential functions. The methods are higher-order accurate in space and time and do not require the use of complex arithmetic. Parallel algorithms are also developed and implemented on several problems from lit- erature and are found to be highly accurate. Solutions of these problems are compared with the exact solutions and the solutions obtained by alternative techniques where available.