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Home > Fabrication and Evaluation of Various Polymeric Matrices for the Formulation of Once-A-Day Controlled Release Tablets of Some Aryl-Propionic Acid Analogs.

Fabrication and Evaluation of Various Polymeric Matrices for the Formulation of Once-A-Day Controlled Release Tablets of Some Aryl-Propionic Acid Analogs.

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Jan, Syed Umer

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Balochistan

City

Quetta

Province

Balochistan

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2010

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/1953

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726187724

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The main objectives of this research were to synthesize and evaluated some novel functionalized polymers to fabricate, formulate and evaluate in various polymeric matrices of once a day controlled release tablets of Propionic acid analogs, mainly Ibuprofen, Flurbiprofen and Ketoprofen and preparation and development of nanoparticles drug delivery systems to study their release pattern, rate and the involved mechanism in release process of the drug and to develop and evaluate such sustained release drug formulations which can be used less frequent and with more patient compliance. Three new polymers were synthesized including PGA, PGA- co-caprolactone and PGA-co-pentadecalactone. The polymer backbone consisting of two ester-linked, non-toxic, biological monomers, glycerol and polyvinyl adipate, was prepared using a hydrolytic enzyme. A novel polymeric prodrug was also developed by coupling a model drug, Ibuprofen, to polyester, poly (glycerol-adipate-co-pentadecalactone), via ester linkage. Ibuprofen-loaded nanoparticles were also prepared. The polymers, conjugate and nanoparticles were evaluated and characterized by GPC, NMR, FT-IR, U.V, and DSC. Among the three polymers, the particles of Ibuprofen coupled with poly (glycerol-adipate-co- pentadecalactone) showed a burst release followed thereafter by very slow release into pH 7.4 phosphate buffer. Solubility of the drugs was checked by the use of UV. Spectrophotometer (1601-Shimadzu. Japan) as described by the method of Higuchi and Connors. In this preformulation study, six solvents were used including Phosphate buffers of pH 7.4, 7.2 and 6.8, 0.1 N NaoH, 0.1 N HCl solution and distilled water.
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غزل

 جیون کی

 

 اس درد کتھا کا

 

میں اک عنواں ہوں

 

میرے اندر صدیوں کا

 

سنتاپ چھپا ہے

 

میرے  باطن میں ہیں کتنے

 

 گہرے گہرے  درد  سمندر

 

جن کی تشنہ سی کچھ لہریں

 

میرے بنجر خوابوں کی

 

تعبیریں ڈھونڈ رہی ہیں

 

خواب سفر کی منزل

 

کتنی کٹھن ہوئی ہے

 

میں اس منزل کا راہی ہوں

 

اپنی ذات کے صحراؤں میں

 

سر گرداں ہوں

 

یعنی آج کا انساں ہوں میں

 

تابعین کرام کا مقام و مرتبہ اور ان کی علمی و ادبی خدمات

After the Prophets of Allah Almighty, the most sacred class of mankind is the class of Prophet Muhammad's Companions. Those are the people who had seen the prophet of Islam with their naked eyes, remained in his companionship and got the heights of knowledge and actions and proved to be a great example of character by attaining the image of Prophet Muhammad's model of excellence. Another class which, like the companions of Prophet (pbuh), deserves such honor is the class of Tabe’en (The followers of the Companions).  Tabe'en had contributed a matchless role in the history of Islam regarding religious knowledge and literature. They had also examplary performed in social, economical, political and military services. Due to these great services they are considered the most sacred class of the Ummah after the prophet’companions. There is a list of academic and literary services ahead of the name of each person in this class. And these services are the great testimony to the greatness of these people. The prophet's companions received the religious knowledge directly from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), while Tabe'en got it from the companions and then published it in the whole world. The sincere efforts performed by Tabe'en regarding Quran, Hadith, Tafseer and Islamic litrature are of so high level that no one had reached such level of sincerity in the entire history of Islam. The steps that occur after that period, regarding the development of Islamic culture are only the effects of their services. Actually ‘‘Tabe’en’’ is the only class that has spread the social, moral and spritual blessings of Islam throughout the world. That is why, it is not only the Quran that witnesses their greatness but the Prophet (peace be upon him) also praises them.

Effects of Heat Treatment and Alloying Elements on Characteristics of Austempered Ductile Iron

The effect of three variables on ductile iron has been investigated in this study. The first variable was the effect of austempering time on ductile iron. The second variable was the effect of austenitizing temperature and the third major variable was the effect of alloying additions on ductile iron. The alloying elements selected for this purpose were copper, nickel, a combination of copper and nickel and lanthanum. The initial study was conducted on unalloyed ductile iron castings. The effect of austempering time was examined by varying austempering time in the range of 30 minutes to 90 minutes, while keeping austenitization temperature and austempering temperature constant. It was found that with the increase of austempering time, the tensile strength increased significantly. However, at 90 minutes the tensile strength decreased. The optimum temperature was found to be 60 minutes. The second variable was the effect of austenitization temperature on ductile iron. Based on the result of the first experiment, the austempering was carried out for 90 minutes. The austempering temperatures were kept at 270 oC and 370 oC. The austenitization temperature was varied from 850 oC to 925 oC. The study revealed that tensile strength increased at 900 oC but it decreased at 925oC. The third major variable involving the effect of alloying additions on ductile iron, was studied by adding copper with three different values i.e. 0.5 wt. %, 1.0 wt. % and 1.5 wt. %. The fourth melt was without the addition of copper. It was found that with the increase of copper the tensile strength continued to increase up to 1.5 wt. %. The second alloying addition was nickel. One melt was made without nickel while the remaining three melts were made with the addition of 1.0 wt. %, 2.0 wt. % and 3.0% x nickel. The tensile strength increased correspondingly with the increase in the addition of nickel to 3.0 wt. %. The effect of a combination of copper and nickel on ductile iron was also examined. The effect of the last alloying element which was studied was lanthanum. Four melts were made for this study. The first melt was without the addition of lanthanum while the remaining three had 0.006 wt.%, 0.02 wt.% and 0.03 wt.% lanthanum. The results indicated that the tensile strength increased with the increase of lanthanum content with and without austempering. Furthermore, the highest nodule count was obtained with 0.03 wt.% lanthanum while the nodularity remained almost unchanged. Thus, it was observed that the addition of alloying elements results in an increase of tensile strength. The optimum austempering time was 90 minutes and the optimum austenitizing temperature was found to be 900 oC.