عبدالمنان بیدلؔ
پٹنہ یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ فارسی کے سابق پروفیسر جناب عبدالمناف بیدل کی وفات گزشتہ اپریل میں ہوگئی، انھوں نے تقریباً نوے سال کی عمر پائی اور اس لحاظ سے خوش نصیب تھے کہ اپنی زندگی میں اپنے شاگردوں کو علم و ادب میں بڑی شہرت حاصل کرتے دیکھا، بڑے شفیق استاد تھے، اس خاکسار کو بھی ان کی شاگردی کی سعادت نصیب ہوئی، اپنے زمانہ میں فارسی کی نصابی کتابی انگریزی لباس پہن انگریزی زبان میں پڑھاتے وقت اس مشرقی زبان میں مغربی رنگ پیدا کردیتے، بڑے اچھے شاعر بھی تھے، بیدل تخلص کرتے، مشاعروں میں اپنے ترنم سے اپنی شاعری میں دلنوازی، دل ربائی اور دل نشینی کی ساری کیفیت پیدا کردیتے، آخر عمر میں مذہبی رنگ بھی زیادہ غالب ہوگیا تھا، زائرین حج کی خدمت مختلف حیثیتوں سے کرتے رہے، استاذی المحترم حضرت مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ کے سفر حج میں ساتھ تھے، سلیمان نمبر میں ان کا ایک پرکیف مضمون ’’سفر حجاز کے تاثرات‘‘ کے عنوان سے شائع ہوا، گزشتہ اگست میں ان کو حکومت ہند کی طرف سے فارسی کی سند کا ایوارڈ بھی ملا، لیکن حکومت کی یہ جوہر شناسی اس وقت ہوئی جب ان کے بہت سے شاگردوں کو ان سے پہلے اس اعزاز سے نوازا جاچکا تھا، اﷲ تبارک و تعالیٰ ان کو ان کی نیکیوں اور خوبیوں کی بدولت کروٹ کروٹ جنت نعیم عطا فرمائیں، آمین۔ (صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، مئی ۱۹۸۲ء)
Before Islam, women were victims of slavery, humiliation, oppression, and exploitation. Islam came and liberated women from slavery, humiliation, oppression, and exploitation. Islam abolished all the evil customs which were against the human dignity of women and gave them the rights which they deserved. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) endowed women with their rightful status and human dignity on both social and domestic levels. In the light of Islamic teachings, men and women have equal status as human beings. In that sense, no one is superior to another. Just as Islam calls men honorable and respectable, so too in the eyes of Islam women are honorable and have an important role to play in society. The biography of the Holy Prophet is a beacon for us. He proved by his practical life that a woman is pitiable and respectable in respect of mother, daughter, sister, wife, and other relationships. In Arab society, he proved by raising her four daughters that a woman is also a human being, therefore, she should also be given rights. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) has left out such enlightening teachings on women's social rights that by following them, women can be granted their social rights. But even today, women are being deprived of many of their social rights. There is a need to bring the social issues of women before the society in the light of Sīrat-un-Nabī. Also mention the restrictions facing women in the present. The question arises, what is the social status of women in the light of Sīrat-un-Nabī? And what are the challenges facing women today? This article is written to answer these questions. In pre-Islamic society, women were not given any importance or status in any relationship. Socially, women's rights were completely taken away and some Arab families did not even have the right to live.
100 genotypes of Triticum aestivum L. were screened in a plastic tunnel for heat tolerance by providing them heat stress at the time of anthesis. Selection of the genotypes was based on grain weight, number of grains per spike and grain yield per 25 spikes after computation of their relative ratios. The selected genotypes were also tested by measuring their electrolyte leakage to confirm the tolerance and susceptibility by calculating relative injuries. Seven genotypes including 3 heat tolerant, 1 moderately tolerant and 3 susceptible were crossed in a 7 × 7 diallel fashion including direct and reciprocal crosses in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two sowing dates. One set of these genotypes was sown under normal environmental conditions and other set was sown under heat stress conditions to provide temperature stress to these genotypes at the time of anthesis. Data of various morphological characters was taken at different stages of the growth period of the crop and then subjected to statistical analysis. Significant variation was found among parents and their offspring. Gene action and the percent increase or decrease of F 1 hybrids over mid parent as well as better parent value was calculated to estimate possible heterotic effects for yield and its components. Scaling tests were used to test the adequacy of the data for analyzing the additive-dominance model which showed that the additive-dominance model was fully adequate for plant traits like flag leaf area, RCI %, spike weight, spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, biomass per plant and grain yield under normal conditions and for characters like plant height, flag leaf area, relative cell injury (%), days to maturity, number of grains per spike, 100-grain weight and harvest index under heat stress indicated that dominance was present and epistasis was absent. All the remaining traits exhibited partial adequacy under both the conditions. The results of the genetic studies showed that almost all the traits show additive genetic effects with partial dominance and with moderate to high heritability. Relative cell injury (%) calculations revealed that this is an efficient tool for screening against heat. Some of the hybrids like Maya/Pavon × Punjab-85, Maya/Pavon × Chenab-2000 and Shalimar-88 × Weebli-1 showed very useful results with relative injuries even less than their parents. The results of heterosis suggest that hybrid vigour is available for the commercial production of wheat and selection of desirable hybrids among the crosses having heterotic and heterobeltiotic effects in other characters is the best way to improve the grain yield of bread wheat. The cross combinations like Inqilab- 91 × Shalimar-88, Shalimar-88 × Maya/Pavon, Chenab-2000 × Punjab-85, Maya/Pavon × Chenab-2000, Shalimar-88 × Uqab-2000 and Uqab-2000 × Maya/Pavon are the best hybrids which can be further exploited because of their ability to perform well under normal and even diverse environments . Maximum heterosis (24.24%) and heterobeltiosis (19.95%) for number of grains per spikes was shown by the cross combination, Inqilab- 91 × Maya/Pavon under normal conditions and under heat stress maximum heterosis (36.13%) and heterobeltiosis (13.66%) was shown by the cross combinations Punjab-85 × Chenab-2000 and Weebli-1 × Uqab-2000 respectively. For 100-grain weight maximum heterosis (28.22%) and heterobeltiosis (27.87%) was recorded for cross combination Chenab-2000 × Inqilab-91. However, under stress Inqilab-91 × Weebli-1 (23.35%) followed by Maya/Pavon × Uqab-2000 (13.28%). Maximum heterosis (28.70%) and heterobeltiosis (15.58%) for grain yield per plant was shown by the cross Uqab-2000 × Punjab-85 under normal conditions but under stress Uqab-2000 × Chenab-2000 produced maximum heterosis (27.02%) and maximum heterobeltiosis (13.62%) was shown by the cross Shalimar-88 × Uqab-2000. The information obtained from these results during the current studies may be used to evolve high yielding varieties which can produce economic yield and help maintain yield sustainability in those areas where terminal heat stress is a major threat.