Thal Desert, Pakistan has unique flora with reference to xeric conditions. Like other desert ecosystems of the country, this desert has been ignored to document the plant biodiversity and its ethnobotanical uses. Keeping in view, the area was surveyed to record flora and ethnobotanical information during September, 2011 to August, 2014. A total of 248 species distributed across 166 genera and 38 families were identified during the survey period. Besides, Heliotropium pakistanicum, H.crispum var. angulosum and H. europaeum subsp. thaliensis are determined as addition to science, while Themeda triandra as new recorded for Pakistan. It inculdes one fern, 4 monocots and 33 dicots families were determined. The most dominating family was Poaceae that contributed 52 species (21.49%), followed by Fabaceae (34 spp., 13.05%) and Amaranthaceae & Asteraceae (17 spp., 7.02% each), Boraginaceae (11 spp., 4.5%), Brassicaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Solanaceae (8 spp., 3.31% each), while, rest of the families contributed few number of species. The flora comprised on nine life span in which 122 species (46.74%) were herbaceous nature, followed by grasses (51 spp., 19.54%), trees (28 spp., 10.73%), shrubs (27 spp., 10.34), sedges (9 spp., 3.45%) and climbers (3.07%). With reference to ethnobotanical study, local inhabitants utilize native flora to fulfill their eight use needs such as folk medicine, fuel, fruits, vegetable, fodder/forage, ethno veterinary, soil binder and others. Most of the species were recognized as palatable by the herders and used as fodder (234 spp., 35.62%), followed by folk medicine (120 spp., 18.26%), fuel (108 spp., 16.44%), others (64 xiii spp., 9.74%), soil binder (48 spp., 7.31%), wild fruits (40 spp., 6.09%), vegetables (25 spp., 3.81%) and Ethno veterinary (18 spp., 2.74%). Compared to the medicinal literature, four species viz., Limeum indicum, Launaea residifolia, Farsetia jacquemontiiand Indigofera hochstetteripossessed novel medicinal uses not earlier reported in the literature. Besides, 76 species possessed new uses in addition to the medicinal records. Capparis decidua (Karenh), Moringa oleifera (Suhanjna), Prosopis cineraria (Jand), Salvadora oleoides (Pilu)and Ziziphus spinachristi (Jhar beri) were highly utilized species and ranked first amongst all species which fulfilled six major use categories. This comprehensive study will provide a useful starting point for further ecological and bioprospective research of the study area. The findings of this study will be helpful to foresters, rangeland managers, medicinal plant growers & collectors, economic botanists, ecologists, physiologists, breeders, etc.
تلوک چند محرومؔ مشہور استاد سخن تلوک چند مرحوم کی وفات ادبی دنیا کا افسوس ناک سانحہ ہے، وہ ہماری پرانی بزم ادب کی یادگار تھے، اردو شاعری کے اساتذہ میں ان کا نہایت ممتاز مقام تھا، فن شاعری پر ان کی نظر بڑی گہری اور وسیع تھی، اور ان کا کلام جدت و قدامت کے صالح عناصر کا سنگم تھا، ان کو ہر صنف شاعری پر یکساں قدرت حاصل تھی، ان میں پرانی تہذیب کی بہت سی خوبیاں اور وضع داریاں جمع تھیں، ان کا دل دوسرے مذاہب اور اس کے بزرگوں کے لئے بھی وسیع تھا، بارگاہ نبویؐ میں بھی ہدیۂ عقیدت پیش کرتے تھے، قوم و ملک نے بھی ان کے کمالات کی پوری قدر دانی کی اور ان کو ہر طرح کے اعزاز و اکرام سے نوازا، ان کی پوری زندگی علم و ادب کی خدمت میں گزری، اپنے بعد متعدد ادبی یادگاریں چھوڑ گئے، ان کی مادی یادگار مشہور شاعر جگن ناتھ آزاد ہیں، جنھوں نے اپنے محترم والد کی بہت سی خوبیاں حصہ میں پائی ہیں۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، فروری ۱۹۶۶ء)
Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui besar pengaruh segmentasi pasar terhadap peningkatan volume penjualan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen Yongky Mart Kota Gunungsitoli yang berjumlah 30 orang. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, kuesioner. Hasil Segmentasi pasar berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan volume penjualan di Yongky Mart Kota Gunungsitoli sebesar 58,982% sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain yang tidak termasuk dalam variabel penelitian ini sebesar 41,018%. Sehingga segmentasi pasar mampu mempengaruhi peningkatan volume penjualan di Yongky Mart Kota Gunungsitoli.
The existing literature concerning governance-value relationship is inconclusive as it assumes that the association is direct. A theoretical argument suggests that the effective corporate governance reduces the information asymmetry through better financial reporting quality. This serves as a tool to reduce this information risk. Following the argument, this study is an attempt to investigate the mediating role of earnings quality, a measure of financial reporting quality, in governance-value association. For estimation, panel data of 214 non-financial listed firms in Pakistan for the period 2003-2014 is considered and one-way random effect estimator for the SUR system is employed, as suggested by Biørn (2004). This study uses principal component analysis to measure the overall corporate governance; and to measure the financial reporting quality, five dimensions are considered to capture the reliability and relevancy characteristics of financial reporting. Value of firm is measured through return on assets and Tobin’s-Q. The findings of the study show that the corporate governance effectively improves the earnings quality and value of the firm, which approves the monitoring role of corporate governance mechanism. Moreover, earnings quality contributes positively in maximizing the value of the firm and the results demonstrate that better earnings quality partially mediates the governance-value association. It is concluded that corporate governance not only improves the value of the firm directly, but also indirectly through the channel of earnings quality. The findings may be of interest to the academic researchers, practitioners and regulators who are interested in discovering the quality of corporate governance practices in Pakistani context. The findings also provide the Pakistani business community insights concerning the quality of corporate governance and corporate reporting. Also, this research helps to inform regulators about the benefits of disclosure of more transparent information to stakeholders and to the firm. Keywords: Earnings quality, channel effect, overall corporate governance, SUR, channel effect, value of firm.