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Home > Food Consumption in Pakistan: A Comparison of Quality Effect Across Regions and Provinces

Food Consumption in Pakistan: A Comparison of Quality Effect Across Regions and Provinces

Thesis Info

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Author

Fayaz, Mohammad

Program

PhD

Institute

The University of Agriculture

City

Peshawar

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6900/1/Mohammad_Fayaz_Agriculture_%26_Applied_Economics_2015_HSR_Univ_of_Agri_Peshawar_24.10.2016.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726222662

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The study estimated quantity, expenditure and quality elasticities for major food products in Pakistan and provided comparison of quality effect across regions, provinces and income quintiles using data from the HIES part of PSLM 2007-08 (first period) and 2010-11 (second period). The elasticities of interest were obtained via log-log inverse functional form of Engel equation. Coefficients of parameters (?? , ?? , ?? and ?? ) in most of the selected food items were found statistically significant reflecting that the log-log-inverse (LLI) formulation of the model fit the data well and validate nonlinear behavior of Engel relationship for food consumption in Pakistan. The quantity elasticities during both periods remained less than unity except milk packed in Sindh province with reasonable variations in magnitude across regions, provinces and income quintiles. Compared to the first period, with a few exceptions, quantity elasticities have increased during the second period and were larger at the upper income quintiles relative to the lower ones. In most of the products, quantity elasticities were higher for rural households than urban ones during both the periods. Likewise, expenditure elasticities have increased considerably in Pakistan during the second period compared to the first one for most of the food commodities. A pattern similar to quantity elasticities was also observed in expenditure elasticities across regions, provinces and income quintiles. For most of the products, the estimates of quality elasticities were positive in both the periods implying that households in Pakistan purchase higher quality food as their income rises. During both the periods, the quality elasticities for most of the food items decreased for rural households compared to urban ones. A considerable variability was observed in quality elasticities among provinces and income quintiles in terms of magnitude for various food items. Thus, with the exception of a few products, Pakistani households, in general, not only demand more quantity but also higher quality of food as their income rises. Hence, from the policy point of view, evidence of positive demand for quality food would facilitate devising food policy for the development of food markets in terms of market segmentation and quality improvements in Pakistan. Resultantly, this would be an important driver of food demand and future food projections, with possibility of creating different marketing opportunities, and increased welfare for Pakistani populace. Key Words: Food Consumption, quantity elasticity, expenditure elasticity, quality elasticity, urban/rural households, income quintiles, provinces, Pakistan
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رضاعی مائوں پر ایک بحث

رضاعی مائوں پر ایک بحث
حضرت برکہ ( ام ایمن) علامہ جلال الدین سیوطی الخصائص الصغری میں ام ایمن کے متعلق لکھتے ہیںکہ انہوں نے حضور کو دودھ پلا یا۔ ( ۲) میاں محمد صدیقی نے سیرت حلبیہ کے حوالے سے لکھا ہے کہ دودھ پلانے والیوں میں ام ایمن کا نام بھی لیا جاتا ہے ۔ (۳) عبدالمصطفی محمد اشرف نے لکھا کہ عبد الحق محدث دہلوی ‘ شبلی نعمانی اور قاضی محمد سلیمان منصور پوری کی کتب اس بارے میں خاموش ہیں آخر میں عجیب بات لکھی ہے کہ بہرحال ہم نے ام ایمن کا نام لکھ دیا ہے کہ اگر وہ واقعی اس شرف کی حامل ہے تو ہم کسی کا حق کیوں ماریں ؟ مخالف آراء اور تحقیق سیرت نگاری کے حوالے سے اہل ایمان کو قلم نہایت محتاط طریقے سے استعمال کرنا چاہیے کیونکہ ذرا سی بے احتیاطی کیا سے کیا کچھ بنا دیتی ہے نیز ایک شخص کی بے احتیاطی ایک راستہ فراہم کرتی ہے اور دیگر حضرات بغیر سوچے سمجھے اور تحقیق و تفتیش کیے بغیر اچک لیتے ہیں اور بغیر کسی سند اور معتبر حوالہ کے لکھتے اور بیان کیے جاتے ہیں ۔ مثال کے طور پر اوپر میاں محمد صدیقی نے سیرت حلبیہ کے حوالے سے لکھا کہ دودھ پلانے والیوں میں ام ایمن کا نام بھی لیا جاتا ہے جبکہ حلبی نے تردید والی بات کی ہے جسے میاں صدیقی گول کر گئے ہیں ۔
عمر رضا کہالہ مشہور ماہر انساب نے مستدرک حاکم ‘ الاصابہ ازابن حجر ‘ تہذیب التہذیب از ابن حجر ‘ الاستیعاب از ابن عبدالبر التہذیب ازذہبی اور المجتنبی از ابن جوزی کے حوالہ سے حضرت برکہ بنت ثعلبہ کا ذکر کیا ہے اس ذکر میں انہیں پرورش اور خدمت کرنے والی کہا گیا ہے ۔
عبدالمصطفی محمد اشرف لکھتے ہیں...

Educational Philosophy Imam Al-Ghazali’s Perspective

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