Sorghum being a drought and heat resistant crop has the potential to serve as an alternate forage crop in rainfed as well as irrigated tracts. Currently, farmers are obtaining much less forage sorghum yield and that too with sub-optimal quality attributes. Intercropping of forage sorghum with legumes is one of the biologically and economically viable options to increase forage yield and quality. However, for boosting the productivity of sorghum-legumes intercropping systems, planting time and spatial arrangements of component crops need to be optimized. Two field experiments were executed to evaluate the forage yield, quality attributes and profitability of sorghum-legumes intercropping systems under varied planting times and spatial arrangements at the Agronomic research area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan during 2013 and 2014. The first experiment involved forage sorghum (var. Hegari) intercropping with different legumes including cowpea (var. P-518), cluster bean (var. BR-99) and soybean (var. Ajmeri) under different spatial arrangements like 2:1 and 2:2 row proportions of sorghum and legumes along with mixed seeded crop of sorghum and legumes sown in 30 cm spaced rows. The sole crops of sorghum and all of three legumes were sown as control treatments. The experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The experimental variables included forage sorghum yield and yield components, physiological parameters (leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate) of sorghum and quality attributes (crude protein, crude fiber, ether extractable fat and ash) of sorghum, legumes and mixed forage. The result revealed that green forage yield of sorghum and legume intercrops was decreased in intercropping systems as compared to their sole crops. Mixed seeded crop of sorghum and cowpea sown in 30 cm spaced rows outperformed all other intercropping systems in terms of green forage yield as well as quality attributes. Soybean sown either as a sole crop or in intercropping with sorghum gave the lowest green forage yield. However, sorghum and soybean sown in 2:2 row proportions recorded the highest crude protein and ether extractable fat. Thus, mixed seeded crop of sorghum and cowpea sown in 30 cm spaced rows was recorded to be the most productive intercropping system during both years. In the second field experiment, sorghum was intercropped with soybean at the same time, 15 days before soybean and 15 days after soybean under different spatial arrangements including 1:1, 1:2, 2:1 and 2:2 row proportions of sorghum and soybean. The experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement and was replicated thrice. Sorghum planted 15 days before soybean in 2:1 row proportion gave the highest green xvi forage yield along with better quality forage. Sorghum sown 15 days after soybean in 2:2 row proportions gave the lowest green forage yield. Overall, sorghum performed much better when it was sown 15 days earlier to soybean and it was followed by sorghum sown with soybean at the same time. Sorghum gave the lowest green forage yield when its sowing was delayed for 15 days after soybean cultivation. Regression analysis depicted a positive relationship between experimental variables and green forage yield of sorghum. In contrast, soybean gave the highest green forage yield when it was sown 15 days before soybean in 2:2 row proportions during both years. To conclude with, sorghum planted 15 days before soybean in 2:1 row proportion appeared to be the most productive and complementary intercropping system as far as green forage yield, quality of mixed forage and economic returns are concerned.
مولانا عبدالرزاق ملیح آبادی افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینہ ہماری جماعت کے ممتاز رکن اور ندوہ کے نامور فرزند مولانا عبدالرزاق صاحب ملیح آبادی نے وفات پائی، انھوں نے متوسطات تک ندوہ میں تعلیم پائی، اور تکمیل جامعہ ازہر مصر میں کی تھی، علامہ رشید رضا کے خاص شاگردوں میں تھے، ان کا ذوق ابتدا سے سیاسی بلکہ انقلابی تھا، چنانچہ مصر کے قیام کے زمانہ میں قسطنطنیہ جاکر انور پاشا سے ملے، ان کی ملاقات نے سیاست اور آزادی کا نشہ اور تیز کردیا، پہلی جنگ عظیم کے بعد ہندوستان واپس آئے، اور کچھ دنوں تک مولانا عبدالباری فرنگی محلی رحمتہ اﷲ علیہ کے ساتھ رہے، جن کی ذات اس زمانہ میں مسلمانوں کی سیاست کا مرکز تھی، مگر مولانا عبدالرزاق کے خیالات اس زمانہ کی سیاست سے بہت آگے تھے، اس لئے زیادہ دنوں تک یہ ساتھ نہ رہ سکا۔ حسن اتفاق سے اسی زمانہ میں مولانا ابوالکلام کو ایک علمی و سیاسی رفیق کار کی تلاش تھی، اس کے لئے ان کی نگاہ انتخاب مولانا عبدالرزاق پر پڑی اور ان کو انھوں نے کلکتہ بلالیا، اس وقت سے وہ مولانا کے دامن سے ایسے وابستہ ہوئے کہ مرتے دم تک ان کا ساتھ نہ چھوڑا، وہ برسوں مولانا ابوالکلام کے سیاسی اور علمی کاموں میں ان کے دست راست رہے، چنانچہ دوسرے دور کے البلاغ اور ۱ مشہور عربی اخبار الجامعہ کے اڈیٹر مولانا ابوالکلام برائے نام تھے، ان کا پورا کام مولانا عبدالرزاق انجام دیتے رہے، الجامعہ ہندوستان میں عربی کا پہلا معیاری اخبار تھا، جس کی شہرت عرب ملکوں تک تھی، ہندوستان کے مسلمانوں میں عربی ادب و انشاء کا صحیح ذوق پیدا کرنے اور عرب ملکوں سے ان کا رابطہ استوار کرنے میں اس اخبار کا بڑا حصہ ہے، ان علمی و صحافتی مشاغل کے ساتھ سیاسی تحریکوں میں بھی علمی...
Sistem informasi manajemen merupakan hal yang mutlak ada dalam setiap badan organisasi. Karena dengan adanya sebuah sistem informasi manajemen akan membantu pelaksanaan tata kerja dari pada suatu organisasi atau instansi itu sendiri sehingga pada akhirnya dapat berjalan dengan baik dan sebagaimana yang diharapkan. Pelayanan publik adalah serangkaian kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh organisasi publik atau instansi pemerintah yang bertujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat akan barang dan jasa yang dilakukan sesuai standar dan peraturan yang telah ditetapkan, pemerintah melalui lembaga dan segenap aparaturnya bertugas menyediakan dan menyelenggarakan pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Dalam penelitian ini rumusan masalahnya adalah: “apakah ada pengaruh sistem informasi manajemen terhadap pelayanan publik pada Kantor Camat Boronadu Kabupaten Nias Selatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh sistem informasi manajemen terhadap pelayanan publik pada Kantor Camat Boronadu Kabupaten Nias Selatan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pegawai pada pengaruh sistem informasi manajemen terhadap pelayanan publik pada Kantor Camat Boronadu Kabupaten Nias Selatan sebanyak 16 orang. Berdasarkan data yang dikumpulkan dari penelitian yang dilakukan, maka diperoleh hasil bahwa : (1). Berdasarkan hasil validitas butir soal angket diperoleh data bahwa angket yang telah disusun oleh penulis memenuhi kriteria valid atau layak untuk digunakan sebagai alat pengumpul data penelitian ini. 2). Besar pengaruh sistem informasi manajemen terhadap pelayanan publik pada Kantor Camat Boronadu Kabupaten Nias Selatan. Adalah 27, 98% (3). Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan pengujian hipotesis diterima Ha jika rhitung> rtabel atau 2,150>1.761 sehingga dengan demikian hipotesis Ha diterima yang berada pada korelasi tinggi, atau dengan kata lain: “ada pengaruh sistem informasi manajemen terhadap pelayanan publik pada Kantor Camat Boronadu Kabupaten Nias Selatan”.
This study investigates the performance of the Large Scale Manufacturing Industries (LSMI) at four-digit level and how agglomeration economies promote productivity at establishment level in the Punjab province of Pakistan utilizing the survey data for the years 1995-96, 2000-2001 and 2005-06 collected from the Punjab Bureau of Statistics (PBS). The research questions to be interrogated are: (1) how the average rate of technical efficiency and productivity in the LSMI changed during 1995-2005? (2) What are the key factors which determine the spatial agglomeration of LSMI? (3) What are the effects of spatial concentration or agglomeration of LSMI on its productivity at establishment level? Are establishments at an advantage when they are spatially agglomerated in contrast when they are spatially dispersed? And (4) which industrial policy is beneficial through which spatial agglomeration may enhance the productivity of LSMI? Should the industrial policy be biased in favour of specialization (localisation) or in favour of diversification (urbanisation) to enhance the performance of the manufacturing sector of the Punjab province? The study on the spatial agglomeration of the manufacturing sector and its impact on the establishments‟ productivity in the Punjab province provide important results and policy implications for the planning and development of the industrial sector of the province. A careful reading of literature on the economy of Pakistan reflects that specific issue of agglomeration (urbanisation and localisation) effects on productivity of LSMI has been overlooked in Pakistan. In this study, the performance of LSMI in terms of productivity and efficiency is determined by using Malmaquist productivity index that is non-parametric approach. It is further decomposed into technical change, efficiency change and scale efficiency change. Moreover, the bootstrapping methodology is applied to get the confidence intervals for the mean values of Malmquist productivity indices to perform statistical inferences. The study utilizes Ellison and Glaeser (EG) index to investigate the pattern of spatial agglomeration of LSMI and finds that its pattern is quite dissimilar in contrast with developed countries. This study further investigates the sources of spatial agglomeration of manufacturing sector by taking EG index as explained variable and Mashalian factors (knowledge spillovers, input sharing and labour pooling) as explanatory variables along with control variables (natural advantages, transportation cost and scale economies). The results suggest that knowledge spillovers, labour pooling and scale economies are positive and statistically significant determinants of industrial agglomeration. Moreover, transportation cost is significant and has inverse relation with EG index, which implies that industries in Punjab province dot not prefer to concentrate in an urban setup where the per unit transportation cost is high. This study also examines whether spatial agglomeration of LSMI facilitates establishments to enhance their productivity in the Punjab province of Pakistan by utilizing production function framework. The production function estimated individually for the seven groups of LSMI, each group contains four-digit manufacturing establishments i.e (1) Traditional, (2) Textile and Leather Products, (3) Heavy, (4) High-Tech, (5) Transportation or Auto-Parts, (6) Machinery and (7) Sports and Surgical Instruments. The results of production function suggest that the role of spatially agglomerated LSMI is vital in enhancing the productivity at establishment level. In general, the impact of localisation (specialization) is positive and stronger than urbanisation (diversification) which implies that locating manufacturing establishments in a particular district leads to enhance the productivity of establishments. Therefore, government policy should be biased to promote localisation.