Present research work was planned for the formulation of cardioprotective nanosuspensions of four indigenous medicinal plants with improved bioavailability and better therapeutic efficacy. Ongoing research was divided into four different phases. First phase of the study was comprised of formulation and optimization of formulative parameters for the preparation of stable nanosuspensions by using CCD design of RSM. Characterization (ZP, SEM, AFM and FTIR) and stability studies of optimized nanosuspensions was the second phase of the study. In third phase of study, in-vitro dissolution testing and in-vivo pharmacokinetic profile of selected nanoformulations was determined. In fourth phase, different in-vitro and in-vivo bioactivities and toxicity studies of optimized nanosuspensions were evaluated with reference to the respective coarse plant suspensions. Results of stabilizer screening demonstrated that SLS was the best stabilizer for the formulation of A. cepa and C. oxyacantha nanosuspensions. HPMC was the selected stabilizer for P. nigrum and P-80 was chosen for the formulation of T. arjuna nanosuspensions. Among the optimized nanosuspensions, minimum particle size with appropriate PDI value was possessed by T. arjuna (79.1nm, 0.244) followed by C. oxyacantha (121.3nm, 0.241), P. nigrum (172.9nm, 0.328) and A. cepa (275.5nm, 0.415) nanosuspension. Results of zeta potential studies confirmed the stability of the optimized nanosuspensions. Results of AFM and SEM illustrated that nanosuspensions were in nanometer range with varied particle size and morphology. FT-IR studies indicated slight interaction between herbal extracts and stabilizers. Moreover, optimized nanosuspensions of all the four medicinal plants showed better stability at refrigerated conditions. Dissolution and pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated improved results for nanosuspensions as compared to coarse suspensions of the respective plant extracts. In-vitro (antioxidant, antimicrobial, hemolytic, thrombolytic) and in-vivo (cardioprotective) bioactivities also revealed better therapeutic efficacy of nanosuspensions over coarse suspensions. Results of toxicity studies confirmed the non-toxic nature of formulated nanosuspensions. From the present results it was concluded that nanosuspensions of the selected herbal extracts can be used as a better alternative to treat cardiovascular diseases with improved therapeutic efficacy as compared to their conventional coarse suspensions.
پہلا ستارہ آفتاب نواب کسی بھی فنکار کے فنی سفر کا پہلا قدم اظہار کے میڈیم کی تلاش ہے۔ اس مرحلے کا طے ہونا جز ثابت ذہنی سے تفکر کے ممکن نہیں۔ ڈاکٹر فہد ملک اس مرحلے پر مبارک باد کے مستحق ہیںکہ وہ اپنے اظہار کا ذریعہ تلاش کرنے میں کامیاب ہو چکے ہیں۔ کسی بھی زبان میں شعر اس وقت تخلیق ہوتا ہے جب وہ اتنی طاقت ور ہو چکی ہو کہ اس کے پاس رمز و ایما کے تمام وسائل آچکے ہوں اور آدمی تب شعر کہہ سکتا ہے جب اس کے اندر رمز و ایما سما سکتے ہوں، پک سکتے ہوں اور لفظوں میں ڈھل سکتے ہوں۔ فہد ملک رمز و ایما کی طرف سفر پر نکلے۔ اس کتاب میں آپ کی ملاقات جس فہد ملک سے ہو گی وہ انسان کو سہل نہیں جانتا۔ محبت کو سچے جذبے سے تعبیر کرتا ہے۔ اخلاص و رواداری ،حریت، سماجی جدلیات اور انسان کی باطنی کیفیات پر غور کرتا ہے۔ فنکار اپنی کائنات خود بناتا ہے اور فہد نے اپنے کائنات شعر میں بنانے کا فیصلہ کیا ہے جس کا پہلا ستارہ یہ کتاب ہے۔ اس کتاب میں کرافٹ کی طرف متوجہ ہونے ، فکر کو خاص سطح تک لے جانے کی کاوش کے نقوش ملتے ہیں۔ اس امر کو مدِ نظر رکھتے ہوئے یہ کہا جاسکتا ہے کہ فہد ملک آئندہ وقت کا دل پذیر صاحبِ سخن ہے۔
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh terdapatnya banyak siswa yang mengalami penurunan kedisiplinan selama pembelajaran online, baik itu dalam mengikuti pembelajaran online, dalam hal mengumpulkan tugas, maupun dalam hal lainnya. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penurunan disiplin siswa atau peserta didik selama pembelajaran online. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penurunan disiplin siswa selama pembelajaran online akibat pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian penulis dapatkan melalui artikel dan juga buku yang memiliki relevansi dengan artikel ini. Untuk mendukung data kepustakaan atau literatur tersebut, data juga didapatkan dengan melakukan wawancara. Berdasarkan data yang telah diperoleh dalam penelitian, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa faktor yang memengaruhi penurunan disiplin siswa selama pembelajaran online akibat pandemi Covid-19, yaitu (1) menurunnya motivasi belajar siswa, (2) sarana dan prasarana yang kurang memadai, (3) minimnya waktu luang orang tua, dan (4) penggunaan gawai yang berlebihan.
The present research was carried out to study the emotional labor strategies and its association with job satisfaction and employees’ affective states among customer services employees.The primary objective of the study was to find out the relationship between three strategies of emotional labor i.e., surface acting, deep acting, and genuine expression of emotions with job satisfaction and affective states of employees. It was also aimed at addressing the dimensionality of emotional labor construct through establishing its validity in local settings. It further investigated the mechanism by exploring role of affective states as a mediator between the relationship of emotional labor and job satisfaction as well as the moderating effects of supervisory support on these mediated relationships. The present research was completed in two independent studies i.e., study-I and study–II. The study-1 was related to the adaptation and validation of instruments. Forward translation method was used to translate the scales into Urdu language and committee approach was conducted to select the best translation. These scales were then administered to 145 customer services employees from banking sector with the aim of establishing their psychometric properties. Only those employees were selected who had at least 14 years of education and six month of job experience on current job. The results of the empirical evaluation establish the initial validity of these scales through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and with item-to-total correlations. Psychometric properties of these translated scales indicated that these scales are internally consistent and valid instruments to administer on a sample of Pakistani customer services employees. Study–II (Main study) was conducted on the sample of 493 bank employees with a minimum of 14 years of education and at least six month of job experience on the present job. Firstly, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to further assess the initial factor ix structure of instruments being adapted in study-I. Multiple regression analysis, and conditional process analysis were used to test the study hypotheses. The results indicated that emotional labor strategies i.e, surface acting, deep acting, and genuine expression of emotions have significant association with job satisfaction and affective states.Results further highlighted that surface acting is negatively associated with job satisfaction and negative affective state whereas genuine expression of emotions is positively associated with job satisfaction and positive affective state. However, deep acting is positively associated with positive affective state but showed a non significant association with job satisfaction. Results further depicted that affect (positive/ negative) significantly mediated the relationships of emotional labor strategies with job satisfaction. To be more specific, negative affective state significantly mediated the negative relationship of surface acting and job satisfaction. Whereas, positive affective state significantly mediated the relationships of deep acting and job satisfaction. Similarly, both the positive and negative affective states were found to be the significant mediators between the relationships of genuine expression of emotions and job satisfaction. The results of the moderated mediation models suggested that strength of mediated relationship of genuine expression of emotions with job satisfaction increases with the presence of supervisory support. However, reverse buffering effect of supervisory support was found in the moderated mediated models of surface acting and job satisfaction. Whereas, supervisory support did not turn out to be a significant moderator between the indirect relationship of deep acting and job satisfaction.Findings of the study are discussed in light of deducing implications for improving emotional management of bank employees.