Natural plant derived phytoconstituents with appreciable antioxidant activity have gained sufficient interest in cosmetic and dermatology for various clinical and aesthetic purposes. Various skin related disorders such as acne, inflammation, hyper-pigmentary disorders, sunburn, photoaging, melisma, and dry skin conditions are now becoming a point of focus to be treated with natural ingredients based topical formulations because of lower risk of adverse effects. In this research project bioactive, polyphenolic, antioxidant enriched fruit extracts from Diospyros Kaki (Persimmon), Manilkara Zapota (Cheeku) and Grewia Asiatica (phalsa) were evaluated for their anti-oxidant activities using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were estimated quantitatively. HPLC analysis was carried out for qualitative and quantitative analysis of polyphenols present in these extract samples. Finally, after phytochemical screening these fruit extract (10%) were loaded into topical emulgel formulations. The formulated emulgels (including active test formulations and respective control) were subjected to various stress storage conditions i.e. 8°C, 25°C, 40°C and 40°C+75%RH for a time period of 12 weeks, for evaluation of their physicochemical stability in terms of any change in colour, odour, consistency, pH, electrical conductivity, liquefaction, phase separation, and rheological attributes. Non-invasive In-vivo evaluation was performed using biophysical methods to evaluate the effects of active test formulations on various skin parameters such as melanin levels, erythema levels, moisture contents, sebum contents and facial skin elasticity. Surface evaluation of living skin was performed to estimate any variation in skin microreleif parameters such as scaliness, smoothness & wrinkles after treatment with active test formulation and respective control for a period of 90-days. Similarly, mean percent changes in porphyrin area, porphyrin count, porphyrin average intensity, number and area of fine and large facial skin pores was observed to elucidate and compare the effects of treatment with active test formulation to that of control. Sun protection factor was determined for formulated test and control formulations and their physical remanance on the skin was studied. Whole experimental work was carried out using single blinded, split face study design in three groups (Group-1, Group-2 and Group-3) with 13 male volunteers in each group. Results were analysed for their statistical significance using two way ANOVA and paired sample t-test. Antioxidant activities of Persimmon, Cheeku and Phalsa fruit extract were 79% ± 2.54, 82% ± 1.84 and 86% ± 1.03 respectively. Active test formulation loaded with Persimmon, Cheeku and Phalsa fruit extract and control exhibited optimum pH, electrical conductivity, and rheological attributes with good physical stability for a period of 3-months at accelerated stability storage conditions. The active test formulation EG-1, EG-2 and EG-3 produced significant (P≤0.05) while control exhibited insignificant (P>0.05) effects on melanin, erythema, sebum, elasticity, porphyrin area (%), porphyrin count and porphyrin average intensity, area and number of fine and large pores with respect to time. In case of moisture contents, active test formulations and control produced significant effects (P≤0.05), however the effect produced by active test formulation were much higher in magnitude. The active test formulation showed significant effects on skin scaliness, skin smoothness, and skin wrinkles while control produced insignificant effects with respect to time. Fruit extracts and active test formulations were shown to possess sufficient sunscreen activity and physical remanance on the skin as revealed by in-vitro spectrophotometric method and in-vivo biophysical technique. Moreover, the formulated active test emulgels were capable to quench both UVA and UVB radiations. Based on the findings of recent study it can be concluded that emulgels can be a stable, safe & cost-effective carrier system for transdermal delivery of antioxidant enriched extracts from Persimmon, Cheeku and Phalsa fruits. Moreover, formulated emulgels produced significant effects on various studied facial skin parameters by using non-invasive in-vivo biophysical techniques. Hence, it can safely be stated that these fruits can be used alone or in combination with other cosmetic ingredients to unveil their maximum beneficial potential for mankind.
میکشؔ اکبر آبادی میکشؔ اکبر آبادی اردو کے پختہ مشق شاعر اور اچھے اہل قلم تھے، انھوں نے درس نظامی کی تکمیل مدرسہ عالیہ آگرہ میں کی، نظم و نثر میں متعدد تصانیف یادگار چھوڑیں، ادبی رسالوں میں ان کی نگارشات برابر شائع ہوتی تھیں، اقبالؔ و غالبؔ بھی ان کی دلچسپی کے موضوعات تھے، ان کا میلان تصوف کی طرف تھا، جس کا اثر ان کی نظم و نثر دونوں پر تھا، اﷲ تعالیٰ انھیں اپنے جوار رحمت میں جگہ دے، آمین۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، مئی ۱۹۹۱ء)
سامی ادیان میں جانوروں کی حلت و حرمت کےمتعلق احکامات کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ Dietary rules and regulations may govern particular phases of the human life cycle and may also be associated with special events. Dietary Laws are grounded into the religious thought, and anyone expects logical clarifications for the continuation and determination of these rules in light of the respective religious tradition. The Semitic religions: orthodox Jews, Christians and Muslims have undoubtedly directed their adherents about the foodstuff “meat” with particular terms and conditions. This study attempts to define the similarities and differences between Halal and Kashrut (Kosher) in the light of their religion's commandments. The study confined to the Holy Scriptures. A comparative approach has been applied to these dietary practices. Moreover, it was found that Halal constitutes a different dietary law (Shariah) than Kashrut and vice versa. Even though similarities are found but it does not permit for the statutes to be usually supposed as reflection of each other. This analytical work will provide theoretical orientation; make reference to relevant theoretical and empirical literature for adequate clarification and comprehension where needed. To avoid pointless details, only the verse number mentioned in footnotes and extracted commands are just mentioned in the article. Qualitative research methodology has been adopted about the dietary laws about animals in Semitic Religions.
Career Guidance and Counseling (CGC) practices of one of the private Education Network in Karachi, Pakistan is being reported and analyzed in this study. Education Network where this study was conducted comprises separate schools for students of Early Childhood Education and Development, Primary, Secondary, Higher Secondary and Graduation level. The network also has a separate teachers' professional development center. CGC services in this Education Network have initiated initially with Higher Secondary School (HSS) Students, which has been studied in this study. However, the Education Network has plans to spread CGC services to the whole network. In this regard, a complete plan of CGC services for Secondary School (SS) students has also developed by the Education Network. This plan is also presented in this report. CGC support that the Higher Secondary School (HSS) students are having in this particular network has many forms .The students are not only provided with occupational information through career seminars and publications but are also involved in the process of gaining practical exposure of different professions through internships and field visits. Moreover students' financial need in pursuit of higher education is being addressed through scholarships. In this study report, a detailed account of strategies through which network is able to provide CGC support to Higher Secondary (HSS) School students has been presented. The benefits of CGC services to students towards their career development, and challenging and supportive factors towards implementation of CGC services in the Education Network has also been highlighted in this study. Qualitative case study method was employed in conducting this study. The phenomenon was studied in depth, using multiple sources of data generation tools, like semi-structured interviews, observations and documents analysis. Findings of the study identified challenges students are facing in making career-related decision like National education system, family/community traditions, lack of occupational information, and lack of parental support are found to be some of the major challenges. These challenges are very much contextual in nature. The Education Network services found to be helpful in addressing needs of the students contextually, which is one of the key findings of the study. The reason for services art of most of the school systems in many of the developing countries, including Pakistan, is due to their costly nature. CGC services are expensive with regard to time, money and resources. Lack of human resources in the field is also a hindrance. However the Education Network is