Natural antioxidants acquired from natural plants seek considerable attention to cure various ailments including acne, melasma, itching, inflammation, dry skin, atopic dermatitis and aging because synthetic agents have numerous side effects. The current study was aimed to fabricate and stabilize the novel carrier system in the form of topical water-in-oil emulsions (creams); encapsulated with natural extracts of Ananas comosus (F1), Amomum subulatum(F2) andSyzygium cumini (F3) having comparable antioxidant activities, their in-vitrocharacterization and in-vivo evaluation on human volunteers.The extracts of Ananas comosus, Amomum subulatum and Syzygium cuminiwere effectively prepared and investigated for their biological activities. The antioxidant activities of all the extracts were analyzed using1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical method while ascorbic acid was used as a standard antioxidant. The total phenolic contents were determined in all fruit extracts using Folin-Ciocalteu’s (FC) method.Antibacterial activities of all extracts were estimated by measuring zones of inhibition against two species of gram positive bacteria and three species of gram negative bacteria using agar well diffusion method. Stable water-in-oilemulsions (creams); F1, F2, F3were formulated using different concentrations of paraffin oil, water and non-ionic emulsifying agent i.e. polysiloxane polyalkyl polyether copolymer (Abil ® EM 90) versus respective bases B1, B2, B3 (without fruit extracts).In-vitro characterization of the formed emulsions F1, F2, F3 and their respective bases B1, B2, B3 were based on to assess the changes on physical stability parameters (color, liquefaction, centrifugation,viscosity and rheological parameters)when stored at different temperatures i.e. 8°C, 25°C, 40°C, 40°C ± 75% RH and 50°C and time intervals for a period of 90 days as per stability study guidelines. In-vivo evaluation was based on to scrutinize the effects of formulationsF1, F2, F3 and respective bases B1, B2, B3 on various skin parameters including skin irritancy, melasma, sebum contents, moisture contents, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin elasticity on human male volunteers for a study period of 12 weeks using photometric device in a draught free room with modulated conditions of temperature (22-25 0 C) and humidity (55-60%). The study was single blinded, controlled, split face with 3-groups (F1, F2, F3) containing 11 volunteers each. Statistical tools of ANOVA test and paired sample t-test were used to evaluate the changes produced. The results of antioxidant activities of formulations F1, F2, F3 were 92.0%, 89.0% and 81.0% respectively. Selected formulations F1, F2, F3 as well as respective bases B1, B2,xxiii B3remained stable at all storage conditionswith respect to color, liquefaction, centrifugation,viscosity and rheology as desired for 12 weeksin vitro study period.All the samples manifested shear thinning behavior with increasing shear rate indicating pseudoplastic flow of the formed emulsions. It was evident from the results of in-vivo studies that no primary skin irritancy was observed with patch test. Besides that, statistical interpretation indicatedthat treatment with formulations F1, F2, F3 was superior as compare to respective bases B1, B2, B3 because it significantly (p≤0.05) reduced the skin irritancy,melasma, sebum and TEWL contents throughout the study period while significantly (p≤0.05) improves the epidermal hydration level and skin elasticity at the end of study period compares to baseline value. Conclusively, formulations F1, F2 and F3 encapsulated with natural antioxidants exhibit better physicochemical stability at all storage conditions and was well tolerated by all volunteers and suitable to treat contact dermatitis, greasy skin, acne, seborrheic dermatitis and augmenting beauty and attraction by depigmentation of human skin and represent a propitious improvement in skin barrier function and used as a functional moisturizing and anti-aging ingredient in topical skincare products. So, in future there is need to clinically evaluate these formulations in patients with compromised skin functions i.e. contact dermatitis, melasma, acne vulgaris and atopic dermatitis in order to explore the actual potential of these fruits.
آہ! پروفیسر ضیاء الحسن فاروقی پروفیسر ضیاء الحسن فاروقی کے انتقال کی خبر یکم اگست کو ۱۲ بجے شب میں سنی تو یقین نہیں ہوا، علی الصباح جناب عبداللطیف اعظمی کو فون کیا گیا تو انہوں نے بتایا کہ یہ حادثہ جاں کاہ ۳۰؍ جولائی کی شب میں پیش آیا اور ۳۱؍ کو دوپہر بعد تدفین ہوئی، میرے لیے یہ خبر ناقابل برداشت تھی، اپنے دل کا بوجھ ہلکا کرنے کے لیے ان کے دونوں صاحبزادوں کو خطوط لکھے، اس پر بھی تاب لائے نہ بنی تو ۸؍ اگست کو دہلی ان کے دولت کدہ پر تعزیت کے لیے حاضر ہوا، لیکن اب بھی تسکین دلِ محزوں نہیں ہورہی ہے اور بے چینی اور اضطراب کا وہی عالم ہے۔ مجھ سے پوچھو نہ مزاج دل نا شاد ابھی میرے نغموں میں ہے کچھ تلخی فریاد ابھی ابھی ۱۸؍ جولائی کو مجلس تحقیقات و نشریات لکھنو کے جلسے میں ان سے ملاقات ہوئی تھی تو میں نے عرض کی تھی کہ اعظم گڈھ تشریف لے چلیں، پہلے تو حسب عادت مسکرائے پھر کہا ۲۰؍ کودہلی واپسی کا ریزرویشن کراچکا ہوں، میں ڈھائی بجے دن میں ان سے رخصت ہونے لگا تو یہ کہہ کر مجھے روکنا چاہا کہ ’’ارے بڑی سخت دھوپ ہے‘‘۔ ٹھہر بھی جا در ساقی پہ دو گھڑی کے لیے تمام عمر پڑی ہے رداروی کے لیے مگرمیں یہ اشارہ غیبی نہ سمجھ سکا کہ چند روز بعد کبھی نہ واپس ہونے والے سفر سے ان کا ریزرویشن ہوچکا ہے اور اپنی دھن میں روانہ ہوگیا، مجھے کیا خبر تھی کہ ع انیس دم کا بھروسہ نہیں ٹھہر جاؤ۔ اور بس عالم ناسوت میں یہ ان سے آخری ملاقات ہے، اس کے بعد ان کا روئے روشن اور رخِ زیبا دیکھنا نصیب نہ ہوگا، اور صرف حسرت ہی حسرت رہ جائے گی۔ حیف در چشم...
The study aims at describing the effectiveness of the use of film media in learning to write short story of class VII students at SMPN 34 Makassar. The study is an experimental true design with posttest-only control design. The study was conducted at SMPN 34 Makassar. The populations of the study were 292 students of class VII. The samples were taken by employing simple random sampling and obtained class VII1 as the experiment class and class VII3 as the control class. Data collections were then analyzed using descriptive statistic analysis an inferential statistics analysis. The results of the study indicated that students’ ability at the experiment class that wrote short story by employing film media showed extremely sufficient result. Students who were able to abtain above the set KKM was 83, 3% or 25 students, and students who obtained below the set KKM was 16, 7% or 5 students. On the other hand, students’ ability at the control class that wrote short story by employing conventional media (pictures) showed sufficient result. Students who were able to abtain above the set KKM was 54, 8% or 17 students, and students who obtained below the set KKM was 45, 2% or 14 students. So, the results indicated that the use of film media is effective to be used in learning to write short story proved by the hypothesis test which used inferential statistic of independent sample test obtained the t score by 4,405 with the independent degree 59 at the level of significant p= 0,000 because α = 0, 05 > p = 0,000 so H0 hypothesis was rejected and H1 hypothesis was accepted. Suggestions based on the study are teachers should use variation, one of the examples is by using film media in learning to write short story. Students should be active to learn how to write and should have more practices in writing short story. Students should be active to learn how to write and should have more practices in writing short story. The researches should use this research as a reference to conduct further study with different learning strategy to obtain alternative of learning strategies.
A survey of five pear growing districts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir i.e. Rawalakot, Bagh, Muzaffarabad, Sudhnoti and Kotli was conducted during the year 2003 and 60 accessions of distinct characters of horticultural importance were selected from 48 sites of these districts for characterization. For each accession, passport data were collected with the help of Pyrus descriptor as developed by International Board of Plant Genetic Resources. During the next two years (2004 and 2005), all the selected accessions were visited thrice each year at the time of flowering, fruit setting and fruit maturity. Data were recorded on growth habit of plants, incidence of diseases (fire blight and apple scab), precocity, intensity of flowering, fruit setting, productivity, time of ripening, fruit shape and fruit colour. Leaves and fruit of these accessions were also collected and leaf area, fruit size and fruit weight were measured. Ripe fruit were evaluated for organoleptic parameters, nutritional value (TSS, total sugars and vitamin C content) and postharvest life at ordinary room temperature (26 ± 2 oC). The accessions differed for these parameters; however, the accessions with the same local name had almost similar characteristics. All the accessions locally called as Frashishi and Desi nashpati had the excellent fruit quality and can be exploited for commercial production in the area. Most of the other accessions, also had good fruit quality except few (locally called as Btangi, Btung, Raj btung and Pathar nakh), which are mostly used as rootstocks in the area. The accessions were characterized by using protein markers based on bio-chemical analysis (SDS-PAGE). The accessions differed in number of bands which ranged from 12- 20. According to the banding pattern the accessions were divided into the various groups and sub-groups showing similarities and differences among them. Out of sixty local xxaccessions, fifty six accessions along with eight varieties (used as reference control) were also characterized using DNA based SSR markers to assess genetic diversity and relationship among them. Nine out of 12 primers revealed clear and reproducible amplification banding pattern in 41 genotypes (33 accessions and 8 control varieties). Cluster analysis based on UPGMA dendrogram, grouped the genotypes into clusters sub- clusters and groups on the basis of relatedness and variability. Most of the accessions were absolutely homogenous and were classified into two homogenous groups, despite the fact that these accessions differed in there morphological and physico-chemical traits. Attempts were also made to preserve the local pear germplasm through in vivo and in vitro methods. For in vivo preservation, a nursery was established and nine pear genotypes i.e. Khurolli, Bagugisha, Pathar nakh, Desi nakh, Kotharnul, Desi nash, Frashishi, Kashmiri nakh and Raj btung were propagated through whip grafting on Btangi seedlings. The genotypes differed for growth parameters. Apical shoots of nine pear genotypes (already mentioned above except Desi nash but including Btangi) were preserved in vitro under minimal growth conditions using low temperature treatments, modification in medium strength and adding mannitol in the basal medium and also by reducing the concentration of BAP and using growth retardants for different storage periods i.e. 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The genotype differed significantly for survival and regeneration percentages. Storage at 5 °C, MS medium containing 2.5% mannitol and MS medium with reduced concentration of BAP (0.50 mg l -1 ) were found significantly better as compared to other treatments. Storage for the minimum period (3 months) was better than other storage periods as assessed on the basis of survival and regenerability of the cultures.