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Home > Gene Pyramiding for Quality Enhancement and Resistance to Bacterial Blight in Rice

Gene Pyramiding for Quality Enhancement and Resistance to Bacterial Blight in Rice

Thesis Info

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Author

Hamid Ali

Program

PhD

Institute

Hazara University

City

Mansehra

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Genetics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12871/1/Hamid%20Ali_Genetics_2018_Hazara_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726255799

Similar


Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important cereal crop but its yield is stagnant in Pakistan for the last several years. A number of strategies have been proposed to overcome yield stagnation of rice. One such strategy is to develop rice cultivars with an ideal plant phenotype, possessing long heavy panicles, good photosynthetic proficiency and strong culms that are resistant to lodging. Using a similar approach several advance lines of rice has been developed by Dr. Fida Muhammad Abbasi at Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan by modifying the plant architecture of JP-5 and Basmati-385. These advance lines needs to be properly evaluated for their yield and yield attributing traits and molecular characterization for resistance to bacterial blight, presence of aroma and resistance characterization to local races of bacterial blight. Therefore in the present study 30 well performing homozygous advance lines and 6 cultivated varieties were subjected to the process of evaluation on the basis of morphological traits, physical grain quality, molecular analysis for the presence of aroma and bacterial blight (BB). In addition to the above mentioned experiments, a parallel experiment was design in order to pyramid four broad spectrum BB resistance genes (Xa4, xa5, xa13 and Xa21) in the background of Basmati-385. For this purpose Basmati-385 which is an indica variety and possess better grain quality but is susceptible to bacterial blight was crossed with IRBB59 which possess BB resistance genes xa5, xa13 and Xa21. A total 19 hybrid seeds (F0) were obtained and were grown in sterile petri plates. A large number of F2 plants were grown but only the progeny of 30 selected plants were advanced up to F5 generation. Marker assisted selection (MAS) as well as phenotypic selections were carried out in each successive generation. In the F5 generation two lines i.e., line-6 and line-14 were identified pyramided with all the four BB resistance genes. Our results demonstrate that the pyramided lines displayed a high level of resistance to all the three local isolates of Xoo used in this study. In the present study advance lines developed by Hazara University, along with cultivated check varieties of rice were evaluated on the basis of 29 quantitative traits. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant variation among the advance lines and cultivated varieties of rice for all these traits. Moderate to high coefficient of variation (CV %), was noticed in all the measured traits with the exception of 1000 grains weight. Cluster analysis was performed to know the extent of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship among the genotypes. The data was subjected to the process of standardization prior to analysis. On the basis of quantitative traits, advance lines and cultivated varieties were allocated into three main groups (A, B and C) at a Euclidean distance of approximately 12 in the phylogenetic tree. The cluster A comprised of 10 genotypes including all the cultivated varieties except JP-5. The members of cluster A comprise mainly of genotypes that have relatively low yield and week plant morphology. Cluster B consist of 13 genotypes. These genotypes are high yielding and possess better plant morphology. Cluster C comprised of 11 genotypes including cultivated variety JP-5. Genotypes in this cluster have relatively high plant height and moderate yield as compared to genotypes in the other two clusters. The dendogram analysis thus showed that significant diversity exist among the genotypes that can be exploited for further improvement of these genotypes.
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درد اک رنگ ہے قرار نما

درد اک رنگ ہے قرار نما
اور ہے رنگ اک ہزار نما

لب ہلے اس کے اور دل میرا
کھینچتا جائے ہے شکار نما

اس ادا پہ ہیں جان و دل قربان
دشمنِ جاں ہوئے ہیں یار نما

اب خزائوں سے کیا خطر مجھ کو
اس کی اک اک ادا بہار نما

عالم اپنا ہے عالمِ دیگر
شعر میرا ہے اک ہزار نما

زندگانی سکوتِ شب ہے فضاؔ
اور سحر لائی ہے قرار نما

عہد نبوی میں حفاظت قرآن سے متعلق مستشرقین کے اعتراضات کا علمی جائزہ

Islam is the complete code of life. The Prophet (PBUH) and his companions made every effort to safeguard it. They handed it over in fully preserved form without any flaw to their true followers. However, adversaries of Islam have been trying to find faults with safety of Quran and the life of Prophet (PBUH). Orientalists are among them. Orientalists are those non-Muslim scholars, who do their research about Muslim’s beliefs, culture and values. Their purpose is to double edge. First to create doubts in the minds of Muslims regarding their religion. Secondly to marsh hated in the hearts and minds of non-believers. This is why these prejudiced scholars criticize Quran and the personal life of Prophet (PBUH). In the following discussion we have analyzed these objections in detail regarding the safeguard of the Holy Quran during the time of Muhammad (PBUH).

An Experimental Study on the Effectiveness of Problem- Based Versus Lecture-Based Instructional Strategies on Achievement, Retention and Problem Solving Capabilities in Secondary School General Science Students

Teaching methodology, such as problem-based instructional strategy, has arisen in response to educational research that has found evidence that even though lecturing may be the most prevalent teaching tool, it is less effective way to facilitate students learning. Problem-based instructional strategy is a teaching tool that teaches cooperative learning, grouping of students and an inquiry-based methodology for science education leading to better student learning, problem solving and retention. The researcher therefore conducted this 12-week experimental study to find out the relative effectiveness of problem-based and lecture-based instructional strategies in teaching the subject of General Science at secondary school level in (a) academic achievement, (b) retention of subject matter and (c) problem solving capabilities. It was hypothesized that there is no significant difference existed in increased average academic achievement, improved problem solving capabilities and increased average retention of subject matter between the students taught through problem-based instructional strategy and lecture-based instructional strategy. The researcher used purposive sampling technique for the selection of participants of the study. The participants of this research study were the 9 th class male students in Islamabad district taken from Federal Government Boys Higher Secondary School, Rawat, Islamabad and Federal Government Boys High School, Sangjani, Islamabad. The sample from the former school consisted of 67 students (N=33, N=34) and from the latter school, 41 students (N=21, N=20). For this study, pre-test post-test nonequivalent control group design was followed. Consequently, pretest, posttest and retention test were self developed and used as research instruments for measuring the variables of academic achievement, retention of subject matter and problem solving capabilities. Thus, the strategies were8 the independent variables and academic achievement, problem solving capabilities and retention were the dependent variables. The effect of problem-based instructional strategy was found out through its manipulation and was compared with the effect of lecture-based instructional strategy. The data were collected through administering the pre-test and post-test and were summarized by such descriptive statistics as mean and SD and analyzed by using such inferential statistics as t-test and Levene’s test. The level of significance used to test study hypotheses was .05. The results of the experiments conducted simultaneously in two secondary schools suggested that problem-based instructional strategy is not only more effective than lecture-based instructional strategy in facilitating increased average academic achievement of 9 th grade male students in the subject of general science but also in improved average problem solving capabilities and increased average retention. It is recommended that faculty development programmes regarding problem- based instructional strategy may be started and implemented so that General Science teachers may be prepared and supported to engage in the use of problem-based instructional strategy. The science teachers may apply problem-based instructional strategy in the classroom instead of lecture-based instructional strategy and consequently the learning of the students may enhance. Problem-based instructional strategy may be applied at secondary school level in science subjects as it enhances the retention rate of the subject matter and problem solving capabilities of students which is more desirable in their practical life. Similar studies be launched in other secondary school subjects and at other levels of education so as to generalize the results of this study.