PEMANFAATAN MEDIA DAN SUMBER BELAJAR ABAD 21

ABSTRAK Artikel ini bertujuan  untuk mendeskripsikan tentang pemanfaatan sumber dan media belajar di era modernisasi dan globalisasi seperti di abad ke 21 ini, pendidikan menjadi semakin penting untuk menjamin peserta didik memiliki keterampilan (life skills). Hal ini sesuai dengan tuntutan abad 21 dimana peserta didik harus memiliki kompetensi berpikir dan belajar. Kompetensi-kompetensi tersebut diantaranya adalah kompetensi komunikasi (communication), kolaborasi (collaboration), berpikir kritis dan memecahkan masalah (critical thinking and problem solving) kreatif dan inovatif (creativity and innovation). Dalam  pesatnya perkembangan IPTEK menuntut berbagai perubahan mendasar termasuk perubahan dalam memanfaatkan penggunaan media dan sumber belajar. Sehingga dengan adanya media dan sumber belajar yang lebih bervariatif, maka akan menjawab berbagai permasalahan pembelajaran sehingga akan menciptakan tujuan hasil pembelajaran yang lebih maksimal. Kata kunci: Media, Sumber, Belajar   ABSTRACT   This article aims to describe the use of learning resources and media in the era of modernization and globalization such as in this 21st century, Education to be more and more important to guarantee the member of education to have skills (life skills). It is in accordance with the 21st century pursuit, where they should have the competence of thinking and learning. Those competences are such as competence to communicate, collaborate, think critically, solve problems, and to be creative and innovative. Along with rapid development of Science and Technology it pursue many basic – changes including the changes in utilizing the use of media and learning resources. So that with the media and learning resources that are more varied, it will answer various learning problems so that it will create a goal of learning outcomes that is more leverage. Keyword: Media, Resources, Learning

Public Organization Development: Diagnosing Culture and Planning Interventions to Attain Governpreneurship

Public sector organizations operate in complex and compelling social, political and economic environment. Need and call for public organizations to become more citizen-focused and entrepreneurial are common. The demand to work in a more business-like and innovative manner, are burgeoning for public organizations. Planned efforts to change organization need to be implemented in public organizations like in private sector. The advancement of organization development (OD) literature on public sector will help public organizations to become efficient and high performing. The existing limited OD applications and interventions in public sector call for theestablishment of a new field of public organization development (POD). OD scholars and practitioners also believe that further research on OD initiatives relevant to thepublic sector is the urgent need to make them efficient, entrepreneurial and effective. Incidentally, in the public sector, entrepreneurship is regarded as either nonexistent or sketchy. Researchers provide evidence that entrepreneurship enhances organizational effectiveness. Public sector entrepreneurship introduces activities to kick off change by innovating, adapting, identifying and realizing that individual goals are not as much of importance as organization’s goals. An understanding of the culture is warranted to address the current challenges of transforming public sector to attain governpreneurship. It is well known that any neglect of diagnosis of culture results in dramatic failure of attempts to change the organizational culture. Therefore, considering the challenge of culture change and development of scanty knowledge in the field of POD, culture in the public organization was comprehensively diagnosed in the first step followed by planned interventions for changing the existing culture to attain governpreneurship, in the second step. Asequential explanatory mixed method research design was adopted to achieve the purpose of the study. A large size public organization responsible for metropolitan planning and development in one of the major cities of Pakistan was the research site.In quantitative phase, 160 managers having at least six months of work experience in the public organization were surveyedusing thelatest version of organizational culture assessment instrument(Cameron&Quinn, 2011). In qualitative phase, the survey resultsregarding culture diagnosis were corroboratedthrough field observation and in-depth in interviewswith 50 managers. Secondly, building on these ethnographic notes, systematic literature review of 20 articles published in top-tier academic journals; and focus groups discussion with 18 managers coded by NVivo 10, were conducted to propose planned interventions for attaining governpreneurship finally. From the survey data, it is analyzed that rule-based rigid hierarchy culture was the dominant existed culture and flexible, innovative and human development culture was the preferred culture. Data from field observations and in-depth interviews revealed that participants highlighted the human resource issues and raised the demands to address these issues preferably for achieving the spirit of public entrepreneurship. The systematic literature review and focus group discussions proposed human resource management (HRM) interventions in the first stage amongst four types of interventions to transform the rigid and control culture into flexible, entrepreneurial and family-like culture. The findings of the study propose HRM interventions to develop, retain, reinforce and support people in the public organizations for achieving organizational effectiveness. Further, governpreneurship results from introducing and implementing improvedhuman resource practices for assimilating employees into organization.